Crop balanced fertilization

Balanced fertilization, that is, formula fertilization, is based on the laws of crop manure requirements, soil fertilizer characteristics and fertilizer effects, based on the application of organic fertilizer, reasonable determination of the appropriate amount and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and the corresponding Scientific Application of Fertilization Techniques.

Fertilizing system

The first is the cooperation of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, which can be used to help each other, avoid weaknesses, and supplement each other. It can not only meet the needs of nutrients during the growing period of crops in a timely manner, but also increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reduce production costs, increase production and income, and promote microbiological activities. Improve crop nutrient conditions, maintain and increase soil fertility levels. The second is the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and trace elements in inorganic fertilizers. The rational proportioning of the three elements in the fertilizer is to prevent partial application of certain fertilizers, resulting in poor fertilization and even side effects.

Fertilizer application

Balanced fertilization Based on the soil conditions and the nutrient characteristics of the crop, choose the type of fertilizer, the optimum amount and ratio, and consider the implementation of the formula. That is, the appropriate amount and distribution ratio of fertilizer in each growth period, and the maximum utilization of fertilizer.

1. Short crops should be dominated by basal fertilizers for fertilizer distribution. Early application of top-dressing fertilizer should be carried out, while crops with long growth period should be top-dressed and fertilized. In top dressing, the critical period and maximum efficiency period of crop nutrition must be considered first to ensure that the fertilizer is used effectively by crops at the right time.

2, the soil should use heavy base fertilizer, early fertilizer (before promoting the control) fertilization method to avoid late greed. Sandy soils are mainly top-dressing “diet-and-dinner” fertilization methods to prevent later defertilization. The loam soil adopts the method of basic chase and heaviness to prevent defertilization and maintain a balanced growth in the later period.

3, nutrients, different fertilization methods. Nitrogen Fertilizer: Both base fertilizer and top dressing should be emphasized in fertilization, of which 30% to 40% of the total amount is used as base fertilizer and 70% to 60% is used as top dressing during growth period. Phosphorus fertilizer: Phosphorus fertilizer of the current crop is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time. The crop rotation should distribute phosphate fertilizer to the crop most sensitive to phosphorus. Potassium fertilizer: Potassium fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers for seasonal crops. Especially crops with short growing periods. Potash application should be applied as early as possible. Reapply base fertilizer. See Miao Ti early dressing.

Fertilization significance

Production practice proves that: the popularization and application of balanced fertilization changed the blind fertilization in the past as quantitative fertilization, and also changed the single fertilization: based on organic fertilizer, combined with various elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially for structural adjustment of chemical fertilizers. A more important role. At present, single-element fertilizers have been developed into two-element compound fertilizers, and at most elemental compound fertilizers and crop-specific fertilizers. For example, formula fertilizer (BB fertilizer) or compound fertilizer has high technological content, convenient application and less soil pollution, and it is welcomed by farmers. Formula fertilization has achieved significant results in agricultural production such as increasing production, improving the quality of agricultural products, saving fertilizers, increasing income, and balancing soil nutrients. The specific benefits include the following four aspects:

First, balanced fertilization can effectively increase fertilizer utilization. At present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is still relatively low. The average utilization rate is about 35%, which is about 10% lower than that of the world's developed agricultural countries. The potential for increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is great.

Second, balanced fertilization can reduce agricultural production costs. After entering the market economy, especially from the shortage of agriculture to the surplus of agricultural products, there has been a historic turning point in agricultural production after the buyer’s market of agricultural products, that is, the shift from quantity-based agriculture to profit-oriented agriculture centering on economic benefits and increasing farmers’ income. In this way, how to achieve cost-effectiveness in agriculture. This is the first major issue to be considered in production. Doing a good job of balanced fertilization and raising the scientific level of fertilizer use are key measures for saving agricultural costs.

The third is the effect of balanced fertilization to increase production and income. Through balanced fertilization, the demand for various nutrient elements of crops is met, so that crops can grow and develop normally, and thus ideal yields and benefits can be obtained. According to the results of a large number of experiments and demonstrations, under the condition of equal amount of fertilizer input, balanced fertilization techniques can generally increase production by about 10%.

Fourth, balanced fertilization is beneficial to the quality of agricultural products. After China's accession to the WTO, agriculture has suffered a lot, mainly because of the poor quality of our agricultural products. There are many reasons for poor quality, such as varieties and natural conditions. Fertilizer application is also one of the main reasons. Balanced fertilization not only satisfies the demand for nutrient elements of crops, makes them grow normally, and is completely mature, improves the quality of agricultural products, and there is no surplus, thus avoiding waste of fertilizer and reducing soil pollution.

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