White pods plant morphology

Biological characteristics

Plant morphology

Herbs perennial. Root pods, large knots, near woody. Stems erect, cylindrical, 2 to 3 meters high. Leaves 2 columns, leafless, leaf blade linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 23 cm, 7.5 cm wide, 1/2 cm long, white pods (5 pieces) apex narrowly acuminate, base narrow The edge is wavy and smooth on both sides. The lingual tongue is 7 mm long. The tip is bifid and bristly. Spikes are born on rhizomes, stems with pedicels up to 8 cm; with ovoid scales, scales apex acute, base shortly sericeous; sepals ovoid, apex acute, cilia, gray, 3 cm long; bracteoles tubular, 3-toothed, slightly sericeous, 15 mm long; calyx tubular, 3-lobed, villous, lobes brushed; corolla transparent yellow, tube narrow, 2 cm long, The throat is pilose. Sepals blunt, ca. 1 cm, lobes obovate, 1.6 cm long, apex slightly 3-lobed, middle thick, puberulent, yellow or reddish-stripes; lateral staminodes subulate, 3 mm long; filaments wide Grooves, 5 mm long, anther length 3 mm, appendage appendages 3-lobed, 3-lobed, long, oblong-reflexed; nectaries 2, semi-cylindric, 2 mm long; ovary inferior, sericeous, 3 Room, ovule majority. Capsule oblate, approximately 1.5 cm in diam., grayish white, 3-lobed.

Distribution area

Cultivated in tropical areas. Distribution in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Guatemala, and South America. China's Guangdong and Yunnan are also cultivated.

specific purpose

Plant flowers (cardamom flowers) and fruit shells (white bean pods) are also used for medicinal purposes. Ancient Egyptians used white pods as aromatherapy to bathe.

collection

Harvested from October to December when the fruit was yellow-green and had not cracked, and the remaining stems were removed and dried.

Fruit types

Dry fruit, the product is called "bean pods." Slightly spherical, with insignificant blunt triangular edges, approximately 1.2-1.7 cm in diameter. The outer skin is yellow-white, smooth, with white pods (5 pieces), 25-30 vertical ridges, small protrusions at one end and shank marks at one end; yellow hairs are often found in the grooves at both ends. Peel is light and brittle, easy to split longitudinally, containing 20 to 30 seeds, assembled into a group, commonly known as "Ryukyu." Ryukyu is divided into three petals, with a white septum, each seed 7 to 10 tablets, commonly known as "white barley" or "barley rice." It is an irregular polyhedron, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, dark brown or grayish brown on the surface, with fine corrugations and small pits at one end. Hard, white cross-section, oily. Aroma, cool and cool. It is better to have a full body, a thin and complete peel, and a strong smell. The main production of Vietnam, Thailand and other places.

Another type of cardamom is a dry fruit of cardamom, a plant of the family Zingiberaceae. It has a long oval shape, and has two sharp edges. It has 3 blunt edges, is 1 to 1.5 cm long, and has a diameter of about 1 cm. Its surface is milky white to yellowish brown. Seed group 3 valves, each valve 5 to 9 tablets, each seed long oval or 3 to 4 face shape, the surface pale orange to dark reddish brown. Section white. Aromatic, spicy and bitter. Origin of Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India and other places. This type of soybean meal is also used on the market by users of white soybean meal, but its quality is poor.

Fruit shape

Spherical, 0.8-1.2cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white to yellowish-brown, with 3 deeper longitudinal flutes, raised column base at the top, concave stalks at base, light brown hairs at both ends . The pericarp is easy to split longitudinally and is divided into 3 compartments. Each compartment contains about 10 seeds. The seeds are irregularly polyhedral with slightly raised back, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, dark brown surface and wrinkles. The gas is aromatic, and the coolness is slightly like camphor.

Original form

1. White cardamom, perennial herb, high 1.5-3m. Rhizome thick, brown red. Leaves nearly sessile; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 60 cm, width 5-12 cm, apex apex, base cuneate, smooth on both surfaces glabrous; leaf blade rounded, 3-10 mm long; And the leaves and tongue are densely covered with coarse hair. Spikes 2- or more, drawn from stem base, cylindrical or conic, 7-14 cm long, 3-5 cm in diam., sepals densely enclosed by dead wood and spring buns; bracts triangular, 3.5-4 cm long, wheat Stalk yellow, pubescent, with a distinct checkered pattern; flowers born in bracts of bracts; calyx tubular, white, reddish, ca. 1.2 cm, apex 3-dentate; corolla tube and calyx tube proximal Equal length, lobes 3, white, elliptic; lip elliptic, 1.5-2 cm long, 1 cm wide, scoop-shaped, white, yellow centrally, base with petiole; stamens bent, ca. 6 mm, anthers broadly elliptic , approx 3mm, appendage appendage 3-lobed; ovary pulled down, pubescent, with two appendages. The capsule is nearly spherical, white or yellowish, slightly blunt triangular, 1.5-1.8cm in diameter, easy to crack. Seed group 3 petals, each with 7-10 seeds. Flowering from February to May and fruiting from July to August.

2. Java White Cardamom, the main difference between this species and the former species is that the phytosei is smaller and 1-1.5m higher. There is a turpentine odor in the leaves, the leaf sheath is glabrous, and the lingual tongue is only marginally villous. Sepals small, 2-2.5cm long.

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