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The cultivation and management techniques of milfoil
Purple back sunflower, also known as blood vegetable, Guanyin, red back dish, two-color Panax grass, maize, red leaves and so on. For the Asteraceae Sanqi grass perennial evergreen grass plant. 1. Nutritional Components and Medicinal Values ​​Purple mirangium is often used as a blood-enriching medicine in southern China. 2, morphological characteristics perennial perennial herbs, whole plant fleshy, plant height 30-60 cm (wild species up to 90 cm), strong branching. Straight roots, more developed, more lateral roots, stronger regeneration ability. Stems erect, suborbicular, base woody, greenish, lightly purple, tender purplish, tomentose. Leaves alternate, in 5-lobed order, broadly lanceolate (wild species obovate or oblanceolate), apical apex, petiole short or sessile, leaf margin shallowly jagged, leaves dark green, purplish, leaves Back purple, shiny waxy surface. Young leaves are pilose on both sides, the leaves are thicker, the veins are prominent, and they protrude from the leaves. A terminal or axillary flower head arranged in an umbrella on a pedicel, bisexual flowers, yellow or red. Achenes, short cylindrical seeds, but rarely fruitful. 3. Requirements for environmental conditions The purple mittenbane has strong stress resistance and warm and happy climate conditions. Suitable for growth and development temperature range of 20-25 °C, heat-resistant ability, but also relatively low temperature resistance, can still grow normally under 35 °C high temperature conditions, can endure 3-5 °C low temperature, 5 °C above will not be frozen, However, frost damage occurs when frost is encountered, and plants die when they are severe. Violet skyflower is not strict on the light conditions, and is more shade-tolerant, but grows robustly when the light conditions are good. Purple back sunflowers prefer a moist growing environment but are more tolerant to drought. The requirements of soil fertility of M. micrantha are not strict, and tolerance is thin, but it is better to choose sandy loam or sandy soil in production. 4. The wild type of wild milfoil is generally picked from the spring to early summer, from March to June. The young shoots and young leaves are picked and burned with boiled water. After the water is squeezed, there are various food methods, the texture is tender, and the flavor is different. . 5. Cultivation Techniques (1) Methods of Propagation There are three types of propagation methods of mimicilla miltiorrhiza: cutting propagation, ramification and seed propagation. 1 Cutting propagation Although the purple milfoils can bloom, they rarely thrive, and the adventitious roots are easy to grow in the stem nodes. The cuttings are very easy to survive and are suitable for cutting propagation. This is also the reproduction method often used in production. In frost-free places, cuttings can be carried out at the anniversary, but in the spring and autumn, cuttings take root quickly and grow rapidly. Therefore, it is usually conducted in February-March and September-October. When the cuttings are selected, mature and robust shoots are selected, and tender or overgrown branches cannot be selected for cuttings. Cuttings are about 10 cm long, with 3-5 leaves, and 1-2 leaves of the base are removed. By row spacing 20-30 cm, spacing 6-10 cm, oblique inserted in the seedbed, such as soil depth to 5-6 cm is appropriate (cutting length 1/2-2/3). Then, soak the bottom water and keep the bed moist. Spring cutting propagation should be covered with a small arch, insulation and moisturizing, early autumn high temperature and drought, more rainstorm season, can cover the shade omentum, moisturizing cooling, and prevent heavy rain erosion. Under 20-25 °C conditions, 10 days to half months can survive rooting. During the seedling stage, we should also pay attention to keep the bed soil moist. Drying and over-wetting are not conducive to rooting and new leaf growth. 2 Breeding of ramets Breeding of ramets In general, after the plants enter dormancy or before they resume growth (before germination in spring in the southern region), ex-situ roots are excavated, and robust plants are selected for ramets, which are followed by planting. However, the propagation coefficient of ramets breeding is low, and the growth of plants after ramets is weak, so it is generally not used in production. 3 Seed propagation is generally planted in spring from February to March when the temperature is stable above 12°C. The seedlings can be planted 8-10 days after sowing. When the seedling height is 10-15 cm, it is planted in Datian. The advantage of seed breeding with milfoil is that the seedlings that are bred are almost free of any virus. (2) Soil preparation, basal fertilization Although the soil requirement of Mitrocybe is not strict, it is also resistant to barren, but the long period of growth in artificial cultivation requires more fertilizer and water. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, we should choose good drainage, rich in Organic matter, water retention and fertility of slightly acidic loam or sandy loam. Before planting deep bed soil, apply 2000-30 thousand kilograms of full-fledged farmyard manure, 10 kilograms of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and mix well with the soil. The plane was made to be 120cm wide and 20-25cm high. (3) Colonization uses a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a planting density of 25-30 cm. Planting cuttings (using cuttings for propagation) or seedlings (using seed for breeding), then pouring roots to remove faecal water to promote survival. Colonization is generally conducted in the afternoon on sunny days. (4) Field management Purple milfoil has relatively uniform fertilizer and water requirements throughout the growing season. About 10 days after planting, the seedlings should be topped up, and generally, 10,000 m2 of manure was used per 667 m2, and 5-10 kg of urea should be added to promote more branches. After entering the harvesting period, it is required to apply fertilizer one time for each harvest. Each time, 667 square meters of cooked manure and livestock manure should be applied between 1000 and 1500 kilograms, and 10 to 15 kilograms of urea should be properly added. The principle of watering is to keep the soil moist, see it dry, and pay attention to drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season. During the whole growth period, cultivating and weeding should be carried out 3-4 times. After harvesting several times, the old branches and leaves of the plant base should be promptly destroyed to promote the emergence of new shoots so as to prolong the harvest period and increase the yield. (5) Pest control The disease and insect pests of Radix rebaudiana are rare. However, we must also pay attention to preventing the damage of locusts (mainly broccoli sprouts and radish sprouts) so as not to spread viral diseases. Plants with viral disease had the most obvious symptom of the top leaf, which was characterized by uneven mottled stripes, severe leaf shrinkage and growth inhibition. Prevention and control methods, first, in the cutting propagation and propagation of ramets must be selected disease-free plants; second, seed regeneration can be used to update the mother plant; third is to strengthen field management, improve plant resistance to disease; fourth is to prevent locusts in time, reduce The spread of the virus. (6) The harvested purple backlit sunflower can be harvested once in the southern region for 2-3 years. It can be harvested about 25-30 days after transplanting. The harvesting standard is that the shoot length is 10-15 cm and there are 5-6 leaves. When harvesting for the first time, leave 2-3 knots at the base of the stem, and then grow new shoots from the leaves, leaving 1-2 leaves at the base. It can usually be harvested once every 7-10 days under suitable conditions. The yield per harvest of 667 square meters is generally 400-500 kg.
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