Occurrence and control of corn cultivars

Corn cultivars, Amaranthus trifolii, belong to the order Homoptera, Pteromidae, which is a new type of pest that invades the roots of corn. In addition to corn, it also harms various crops and weeds such as wheat, millet, and sorghum.

I. Characteristics of damage Mainly injurious to summer corn seedlings, with nymphs and female adults clustered on stem bases, roots, and leaf sheaths near the ground. After corn is damaged, the stem base is black, the root tip is black and rot, and the roots are thicker in severe cases. The deformity cannot be strong; the shoots grow short and thin, the stems and leaves yellow, the tips of leaves and leaves dry, and gradually expand to the dryness of the entire leaf. In severe cases, the whole plant dies, which has a great impact on the yield.

Second, the morphological characteristics adults: female adults body length 3 ~ 4.2 mm, width 1.4 ~ 2.1 mm, flat oblong, reddish-brown, the body covered with a layer of white wax powder, eye oval developed and prominent, tentacles, 8 feet, foot development . Male adults are smaller, dark brown, three pairs of monoculars, purple-brown, tentacles of 10 nodes, mouthparts degenerate, chest well-developed, 3 pairs of feet, forewings long 0.83 mm, white transparent, and the hind wings degenerate into balance rods.

Eggs: 0.49 mm long, oblong, orange-yellow, light brown prior to hatching, oocysts white, cotton wool.

Nymphs: A total of 2 instars, 1 instar larvae were 0.61 mm in length and had no wax powder; the 2nd instar larvae were 0.89 mm in length and 0.53 mm in width, with white wax powder on the body surface and 7 antennae.

蛹 蛹: 1.15 mm long, slightly long flat, yellow-brown, tentacles, feet, wings clearly, long, white, soft, close to both sides.

Third, the law of the occurrence of corn cultivars sunflower mealworms occurred three generations in one year, the eggs in the corn roots and the soil around the winter. The first generation took place from late April to mid-June. The main damage was wheat, and white floc was found in the affected area. The second generation occurred in the middle to late June to early August, and mainly damaged summer corn seedlings. The third generation occurred from mid-August to mid-September, mainly affecting corn and sorghum, but the crop was nearly mature at this time, and had little effect on the yield. From mid-to-late September to early October, female adults began to lay eggs for ovum wintering. The newly hatched nymphs first move within the oocysts for 1~2 days, and then spread to the surrounding areas, looking for the host and fixing them. The 1st instar nymph is lively and does not secrete a protective layer of wax powder, which is a favorable period for chemical control; after the 2nd instar, it begins to secrete wax powder and damages in the underground or into the leaf sheath of the lower part of the plant.

Fourth, prevention and control methods 1. Rotation change. Corn cultivars, Asteria graminifolia, are highly selective to the host and only harm the grasses and do not harm the dicotyledonous crops. For severe land masses, dicotyledonous crops such as cotton, soybeans and peanuts can be planted.

2. Plant pest-resistant varieties. It has been reported that such varieties as Nongda 108 and Ludan 50 with relatively rapid growth and strong resistance during the seedling stage are basically not affected.

3. Strengthen cultivation management. After crops such as wheat and corn are harvested, the crops shall be ploughed in time and taken out of the field. The organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers shall be added to promote the development of the roots of the maize; timely cultivating and weeding shall be performed; the maize shall be watered in case of drought and kept in time. Appropriate soil moisture conditions; timely winter irrigation wheat fields, are conducive to reduce its occurrence and damage.

4. Chemical control. 1 seed treatment. Before sowing, use 35% carbofuran seed coating agent to coat the seed amount 2%~3%, or use 60% Phoron (or 50% methyl parathion) and water, seed according to 1: 50:500 seed dressing. 2 liquid irrigation. From late June to mid-July, the most favorable period for the control of liquid irrigation is before the second larvae of corn nymphs. Choose 48% of Le Siben, 40% chlorpyrifos, 50% methamidophos, 40% omethoate or 50% phoxim EC 800 to 1000 times to irrigate the roots, or unscrew the sprayer and spin the water slice to spray the corn seedlings Base.

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