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Diuretics reduce blood volume by increasing the kidneys' excretion of sodium and water, thereby reducing the amount of fluid in the circulatory system. This helps reduce the pressure on the walls of blood vessels, resulting in lower blood pressure. Common diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide. When using diuretics, it is necessary to be aware of possible side effects such as electrolyte disturbance.
2. Beta-blockers:
These drugs work by binding to the heart's beta receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial contractility, and reducing cardiac output. At the same time, they also reduce sympathetic nerve activity, causing blood vessels to dilate, thereby lowering blood pressure. Common beta-blockers are metoprolol, bisoprolol and so on. However, in some cases, such as patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, it should be used with caution.
3. Calcium channel blockers:
Calcium channel blockers inhibit the contraction of vascular smooth muscle by preventing the influx of calcium ions in vascular smooth muscle cells, so as to dilate blood vessels and reduce peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure. Nifedipine and amlodipine are common calcium channel blockers. They also have a certain dilating effect on coronary arteries and can improve blood supply to the heart muscle.
4. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) :
ACEI can inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme and reduce the production of angiotensin II, thereby dilating blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. At the same time, they also have a certain protective effect on the heart and kidneys. Common ACEI are captopril, enalapril and so on.
ARBs plays a antihypertensive role by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to receptors. This class of drugs has similar antihypertensive effects and organ protection to ACEI, but may be better tolerated in some patients. Common ARBs include valsartan, irbesartan and so on.
5. Alpha blockers:
Alpha blockers work primarily by blocking alpha receptors on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing blood vessels to dilate and reducing peripheral resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure. This class of drugs is mainly used to treat high blood pressure caused by prostate hyperplasia, but is relatively rarely used when used alone to lower blood pressure.
It should be noted that different types of blood pressure lowering drugs have their specific indications and contraindications, and should be individually selected and adjusted according to the specific situation of the patient when using, while closely monitoring blood pressure changes and side effects of the drug.
The treatment of red and green rust on paddy fields
First, the cause of rust Most of the red rust occurs at the corners where the irrigation and drainage are not smooth and deep water and rice fields. There are three reasons for this: First, it was caused by the use of unfamiliar farmyard manure; second, the paddy fields were peat lands, and grasshoppers caused many problems; third, the rice fields were poorly prepared, uneven, and in the long run the depression turned into standing water. , Resulting in poor irrigation and drainage. "Green rust" is not rust. It is formed by the proliferation of moss duckweed and aquatic algae. Second, prevention and control methods 1, the application of organic fertilizer must be fully cooked, and should pay attention to uniform application. 2, the field should be clean, water quality is better, often change the water. 3, per acre with 7.5 kilograms of wood ash pouring 300 to 400 kilograms of water. 4. Spray with 1% lime water clarifier or 0.1% copper sulfate aqueous solution. 5. The copper sulphate (0.5 kg per acre) was placed in a sandbag and suspended with a wooden stick at the inlet to allow the copper sulphate to flow into the rice fields with water to kill moss and algae. 6. In the case of paddy field where red and green rust has already occurred, it is necessary to use a large water to take an emergency irrigation platoon so that it can be flushed and drifted out. 7. Carefully clean up the channels to achieve smooth drainage and drainage. 8. Rub 1 kg of copper sulphate into powder, mix 30 kg of fine fluvo-aquic soil or fine sand, and evenly put it in the paddy field of an acre of land. This method has good effect of eliminating moss, algae and weeds.
Blood pressure reduction can be broadly divided into the following categories:
1. Diuretics:
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