Method for identifying ABO blood type

Experimental principle

The ABO blood type is determined by the agglutination of the red blood cell surface. The A blood type is called A blood type, and the B blood type is called B blood type. Lectins are also present in the serum. When A agglutinogen meets anti-A lectin or B agglutinogen meets anti-B agglutinin, red blood cell agglutination occurs. The general type A standard serum contains anti-B lectin, and the type B standard serum contains anti-A lectin, so the lectin in the standard serum can be reacted with the red blood cells of the test subject to determine the blood type.

Red blood cell agglutination of different individuals of the same species is called homologous blood cell agglutination. The mixing of blood from different animals can sometimes produce red blood cell agglutination, which is called heterogeneous blood cell agglutination. There is not much knowledge about the animal's natural blood group antibodies, and the immune titer is also very low, so the first blood transfusion of the same species will generally not cause serious consequences. But the second blood transfusion must be mated to determine whether they can transfuse each other.

Experimental reagent

Type A B standard serum.

Laboratory equipment

Double concave slide, blood collection needle, bamboo stick, 75% alcohol cotton ball, dry cotton ball, glass crayons (marker pen), pointed dropper.

Experimental Materials

Human or other animal

Experimental procedure

1. Identification of ABO blood type:
(1) Take a double concave slide, mark A and B on both ends, and mark the subject's number in the center.

(2) A small amount of the corresponding standard serum was dropped on the concave surfaces of the A end and the B end, respectively.

(3) 75% alcohol cotton ball disinfection of the ring finger end, pierce the finger end with a blood collection needle, use a sterile tip pipette to draw a small amount of blood (also available as red blood cell suspension), respectively, with the standard in the A and B end concave surfaces The serum is mixed and placed for 1 to 2 minutes, and the coagulation phenomenon can be visually observed.

(4) The blood type is judged based on the presence or absence of the agglutination phenomenon.

Precautions

1. Fingertips, blood collection needles and pointed droppers must be prepared for disinfection. Do one person and one needle, can not be mixed. Used items (including bamboo sticks) should be placed in the dirt bucket, and no blood should be collected from the blood collection site.

2. The fine disinfection site is naturally air-dried and then blood is collected, and the blood is easily aggregated into drops to facilitate blood collection. Blood should not be taken too small to avoid affecting observation.

3. Mix blood quickly with standard serum after blood collection to prevent blood from clotting.

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