Low-temperature cultivation of late rice during grain filling stage

Low-temperature cultivation of late rice during grain filling stage

Temperatures below 20°C affect rice reproductive growth. Low temperature at booting stage, induced spikelet degeneration, spikelet number per panicle reduced; heading and flowering period was low, heading was poor, pollen viability and fertility were reduced, resulting in low seed setting rate, high empty shell rate; low temperature during grain filling, resulting in grain The starch synthesis ability is reduced, the grain plumpness is poor, the grain weight is small, and the rate of pods increases. Low temperature during reproductive period also affects the vegetative organs of the plant, which is mainly manifested in the low temperature induction of premature leaf and root decay, resulting in insufficient "source" and "flow". The "cold dew wind" at the flowering and filling stages of late rice is the most important disaster that affects the high yield of late rice. To deal with low-temperature hazards, late rice can be used to avoid cold and cold-resistant cultivation techniques. According to the historical meteorological data, the basic law of “cold dew wind” can be determined everywhere. The early and late occurrence of “cold dew wind” in different ecological regions is the basic basis for determining late rice varieties (combination) and cultivation methods. The goal of cold cultivation is to ensure safe panicles before the “cold dew wind” arrives. For varieties (combinations) that are not tolerant to cold during grain filling, such as Liangyoupeijiu and Peiliangyou 288, the filling period should be used as a safety indicator. That is, before the arrival of “cold dew wind”, grain filling is completed. Select breeds (combinations) with strong cold resistance and high elasticity in the larvae during the reproductive growth period, appropriate sowing time in advance, and adopting two stages of breeding to cultivate multiple plants. Use early-maturing and early-maturing cultivation methods: for example, increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilization, reduce the amount of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increase the density of planting, increase the number of basic seedlings, reduce the number of tillers in the field, shorten the tillering period, and apply spraying at the heading stage. Grain grain treasure promotes heading and early flowering. To ensure that the late panicle phase of late rice in Xiangbei is before September 10, the late panicle phase of late rice in Xiangzhong is before September 19, and the panicle phase of late rice in Xiangnan is before September 20. Planting varieties (combinations) that are not tolerant to cold during grain filling, such as Liangyou Peijiu and Peiliangyou 299, should be planted for about 5 days in advance. When the late rice is still in the period of heading, flowering or grain filling, and when the weather forecast is about to reach cold weather, thermal insulation and cultivation measures should be adopted to reduce the damage degree of low temperature. After the end of the cold wave, as the temperature rises, the transpiration of the leaves rapidly increases, but the vitality of the root system recovers slowly, the water absorption capacity is not strong, and the water metabolism is unbalanced, resulting in dehydration, blue and dry leaves, decreased grain vigor or premature aging. Therefore, after cold damage, the regulation of rice water metabolism and the restoration of leaf and grain vitality are the key to cold-resistant cultivation. Before the arrival of the cold wave, the paddy field water depth was increased to 15 cm. Reduce the damage of low temperature to the root system and improve the climate of the small environment. The foliar spray of Tianfengsu (the main ingredient is brassinolide) enhances the cold resistance of the plant. On the day when the low-temperature cold wave ended, the foliar fertilizer or grain was sprayed in time to improve the leaf and seed water holding capacity and the environmental humidity of the leaves, and to promote the recovery of physiological functions of the leaves and grains. When the symptoms of water shortage in leaf rolling occur due to imbalance of water metabolism, dry land dragons may be sprayed to reduce the transpiration intensity of stomata.

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