High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Brassica napus L.

Brassica napus flowers are generally yellow, and nowadays, other red and white varieties, such as red and white, which are mainly for tourism, are newly cultivated, which are divided into winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed. Winter rape has strong cold resistance, and the fruit is long-horned fruit. It consists of two pods. The seed coat is yellow, brown, black and other shades. The shape of the seeds is round, oval or irregular. Seed oil content is generally 35% to 50%. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by winter rapeseed. The cultivation techniques of Brassica napus L. in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are introduced for reference.

1 Select the variety

Choose varieties with strong cold resistance and moderate maturity, such as “莒油192” and “Qinyou 17”.

2 Land selection

Rape is not suitable for continuous cropping and has strong adaptability to soil, but it is better to use fertile loose sandy loam or clay loam.

3 tillage and fertilization

After the harvest, the sorghum crops are deeply ploughed and smashed, and the ploughing is 25~30cm. Combined with ploughing and turning, the fertilized organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. The rapeseed should be applied to the bottom fertilizer. Generally, it is fully applied per mu (667 square meters/mu, the same below). The decomposed farmyard manure 3000kg, urea 10kg, ternary compound fertilizer 25kg, boron fertilizer 0.5kg, and fine soil preparation. Watering for sputum before sowing, and then shallow tilling for 1 time.

4 sowing

Rape should be sown in the fall. The best live broadcast period in Shandong Province is from September 20th to October 5th. Jin, Yu and other places can be broadcast early according to local weather and crop mouth, and broadcast as early as possible during the seasoning period. When planting, the shallow ditch is shallowly sown, and the seed is required to be thin and uniform. The general row spacing is 45~55cm. It can also be planted with a large row spacing of 60cm and a small row spacing of 30cm. The seeding amount per acre is 0.25kg, and the fine soil is used after sowing. Cover the seed. The transplanting of the same variety can be carried out 25 to 30 days earlier than the live broadcast, and the stalks can be transplanted in time after the harvest of the previous crops. When the seedling age is about 40 days, it can be transplanted.

5 Field management

5.1 Seedling management

It’s time to plant seedlings and set seedlings. When the seedlings grow 2~3 pieces of true leaves, the seedlings start, and when the seedlings grow 4~5 pieces of true leaves, the seedlings are fixed. To remove weak seedlings and tall feet, go to stay mixed. The field with high soil fertility has a seedling of 0.8 million to 0.9 million per acre (line spacing 50cm, plant spacing 15cm), and the fertility field has a seedling of 0.9 million to 10,000 per acre (line spacing 45cm, plant spacing 14cm), fertility The poor field has 10,000 to 13,000 seedlings per acre (line spacing 45cm, plant spacing 10cm).

5.2 cultivating loose soil

The cultivating loose soil can protect the earth, improve the ground temperature, improve the soil ventilation condition, facilitate the decomposition of organic fertilizer, promote the rooting and hair growth of rapeseed, so timely cultivating after weeding, preventing weeds, and then weeding and weeding several times.

5.3 Fertilizer and water management

Watering according to the condition of the seedlings and the sensation. The winter water should be poured a few days before the soil is frozen. In the spring of the next year, the green water is poured back into the Qingshui, and 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, and 5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu is applied to the initial flowering stage. Foliar spray was applied to the seedling stage and the pod-forming period with 0.2% borax solution to increase the seed setting rate.

5.4 Antifreeze measures

In the case of good fertilizer and water conditions and good growth of rapeseed seedlings, the appropriate amount of chlormequat can be sprayed at the 5-6 leaf stage of rapeseed to control the growth of seedlings, thicken the roots, thicken the leaves, and dwarf the plants to enhance the resistance. Cold force. If you encounter warm winter and the seedlings grow too prosperous, you can spray the chlormequat to control the seedlings twice to reach the seedlings. Before the freezing, the weeds are combined, and the roots of the rapeseed roots are kept warm and antifreeze, and the roots and the heart leaves are not exposed. In this period, depending on the situation, watering and drought prevention are carried out, which not only plays a role in keeping warm and antifreeze, but also facilitates growth and achieves the goal of safe wintering.

5.5 Timely harvest

When most of the leaves of the plant begin to dry out and 80% of the horns are light yellow, they can be harvested. After stacking, cook the seeds in time to prevent mold and deterioration.

For farmers who feel the pattern of winter rape and want to know, you can refer to it. If you have anything else you want to know about winter rape, you can leave a message!

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