Four Steps to Reduce Strawberry Malformation Rate in Greenhouse
The economic value of strawberries cultivated in greenhouses is relatively high, but the production of deformed strawberries in greenhouses is more serious than open fields, and some can reach more than 30%, which affects the yield and quality of greenhouse strawberries, and reduces their economic benefits. How to reduce the deformed fruit of greenhouse strawberry? The specific measures are described below. First, choose the correct variety. Greenhouse strawberry cultivation is a form of cultivation in which strawberries have been kept warm until they have entered dormancy. Planting should choose varieties that require low cold, shallow dormancy, strong cold resistance, and many pollen types, such as Fengxiang and Chunxiang. At the same time, the age of strawberry will degenerate after 3-4 years, which will cause the increase of malformed fruit. Therefore, the degeneratively aged plants should be renewed according to the conditions of the garden. Select robust and disease-free strawberry seedlings as parental seedlings for breeding, and cultivate more than 5 leaves, about 1 cm in diameter at the root and neck, and complete rooted and healthy seedlings for colonization. Second, to promote the full differentiation of flower buds. Whether Strawberry flower bud differentiation is sufficient or not is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of greenhouse strawberry. When flower buds are well-differentiated, there are many flowers, large fruits, and few deformed fruits. In general, two weeks before planting, root cutting, shading, nitrogen control, and old leaves were used to promote flower bud differentiation. Third, scientifically manage flowering time. Cauliflower pollination fertilization is the key to reducing malformed fruit. Therefore, the scientific management of flowering should pay attention to the following points: 1, the temperature of strawberry flower sensitive to low temperature, such as flowering at -2 °C low temperature 1 hour pistil black. Therefore, the insulation performance of the greenhouse facilities should be improved. During the day, the temperature of greenhouses should be kept at 20-25°C and 8-10°C at night. The ground temperature should be maintained at 18-22°C. If the temperature is low during this period, the anthers can not be opened and the proportion of malformed fruits will increase. 2. The optimum humidity for the anther dehiscence of strawberry is 30%-50%. The optimum humidity for stigma fertilization and pollen germination is 50%-60%. Too low or high humidity is not conducive to normal pollination and fertilization. Because of the confined environment inside the strawberry greenhouse, if the ventilation is not done in time, the humidity is often too high, even reaching saturation. In the production, the drip-proof film can be used to cover the high ridges to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, and the method of releasing air at short noon can be used to reduce the greenhouse. The humidity of the air. 3. Although it is a bisexual flower, the strawberry planting in the greenhouse is the cold winter festival in cold winter. It is often due to the low temperature, high humidity, low insect content and easy to cause pollen scattering. Causes poor pollination and produces malformed fruit. Therefore, the greenhouse can be placed inside the flowering beehive, using bees to help pollination, in order to reduce the deformed fruit. 4. It is forbidden to spray the medicine during the flowering period of strawberries to prevent the pollen germination force from decreasing and produce malformed fruit. Therefore, the disease should be completely prevented before flowering in strawberry. After flowering, the diseased plants should be removed in time and the diseased leaves and inflorescence should be removed to control the spread of the disease. Fourth, reasonable fertilizer management. Reasonable fertilizer and water management is also an important measure to reduce strawberry malformation. In the fertilization and pouring water should pay attention: 1, fertilization strawberry in the case of nutrient deficiency abnormal fruit increased, this is because the lack of calcium, boron and other trace elements can cause grass poison flower development is not normal; and the lack of phosphorus, potassium is easy Causes fruit development or whitening. If the foliar spraying fertilizer should pay attention to the strawberry is sensitive to excess boron, and zinc, iron is also easy to damage the strawberry plants. Therefore, it is better to use soil, generally planting rows of 1-2 grams of trace fertilizer per meter; for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer can be followed by water, 1 per acre into the 8-10 kg. 2. Watered strawberries are more sensitive to soil moisture, and too dry and too wet soil can cause increased malformation. In view of the easy-drying of the topsoil, it should be done with less pouring, drip irrigation is better, and the soil is kept moist. Generally, flowering water should be sufficient to reach 70% of the soil's maximum water holding capacity. It needs more water during fruit expansion, and should maintain about 80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity. Water control. China Agricultural Network Editor
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