Common diseases of strawberry planting

Common diseases of strawberry planting

1 Analysis of common diseases of strawberry

1.1 Botrytis

Gray mold is a fungal disease, and it is one of the most threatening diseases in the actual strawberry planting process. This disease has a wide distribution range, and it occurs all over the country. Botrytis cinerea mainly harms strawberry flowers and fruits. The disease will occur after flowering, which will eventually cause the flowers to wither. In the early planting process, strawberry petioles, leaves, flowers, and fruits can be infected. Most of the strawberry fruits are onset near the maturity stage. After the onset, different water-stained spots will appear on the surface of the fruit, which will turn dark brown at the later stage of growth, causing the fruit to become soft and rot. Botrytis needs to have certain conditions for occurrence. At present, it is easy to breed in large numbers under suitable temperature and high humidity conditions. The bacteria will gradually infiltrate the wound and gradually form the disease.

The actual prevention and control of gray mold requires the control of nitrogen fertilizer and watering amount, and the planting density needs to be strictly controlled during the planting and cultivation process to avoid environmental factors that provide conditions for the growth of gray mold. After the diseased fruit is found during the planting process, it needs to be removed in time, burned and buried deeply. Before the flower buds appear, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment with solutions such as Sukelin, Duomolin, and Chlorothalonil. According to the actual condition of the disease, the number of sprays is planned, and the drugs are used alternately to prevent the bacteria from developing resistance [1]. After the application of the medicine, the plants can gradually tend to a stable growth trend, and the planters need to remove the dead leaves and diseased fruits in time for centralized destruction.

1.2 Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is also a common disease in strawberry planting. The disease mainly damages powdery mildew leaves, and damages berries and petioles to varying degrees. A powder similar to a thin frost will appear on the back of the leaf. As the disease progresses, it spreads to the whole plant and will continue to aggravate the disease. Powdery mildew is a low-temperature disease, and the current onset temperature is about 15°C in a high-temperature environment. The powdery mildew pathogen mainly relies on the air to spread, and this disease occurs during the strawberry growth period. To prevent powdery mildew, reasonable close planting can be adopted, and the actual amount of nitrogen fertilizer added during the fertilization process can be controlled. Planters and cultivators need to remove diseased leaves and fruit in time, and take concentrated and deep burial. In the early stage of the disease, the corresponding concentration of Fenmeining WP, Thiophanate-methyl, and Carbendazim can be sprayed every other week, and the drugs need to be used alternately, and the drug should be discontinued after flowering [2]. After control, it is necessary to master the open field cultivation before and after flowering, the planting density should not be too high, and the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled. The powder of the diseased leaves of the strawberry will dissipate, and the berries that are not severely affected will return to the growth trend.

1.3 Ring spot disease

Wheel spot disease mainly damages the leaves. According to the development of the disease, it can also infect the petioles. After the disease occurs, most of the leaves will appear purple-red small spots. As the manifestation of the lesions continues to expand, they will appear elliptical. , Spread to the depths of the veins. As the diseased spots continue to expand, the center of the leaf diseased spots will appear dark brown, and the edges will appear red and the rims will be more obvious. Wheel spot disease is a high-temperature disease, which can be induced in an environment around 28°C and the bacteria is spread through the air. The prevention and control method of wheel spot disease is to remove diseased leaves and concentrate on eliminating pathogens. Adjust the temperature of the breeding environment to reduce temperature and humidity. In the early stage of the disease, thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, trimetate, carbendazim powder, etc. should be sprayed. The medicine needs to be used alternately, and the medicine can be stopped after the fruit blooms [3], most of the more seriously diseased leaves will return to a healthy growth state, and the severely diseased areas at the veins will gradually dissipate.

1.4 Leaf spot

Leaf spot disease mainly poses a threat to strawberry leaves. In the early stage of leaf spot disease, purple-red spots of different shapes will appear on the leaf surface, and round spots will appear as the disease continues to spread. Leaf spot disease is a high temperature type disease, which can be induced in an environment around 28°C. For leaf spot disease, the diseased leaves and fruit need to be treated in time, and intensively eliminated. During planting, it is necessary to increase water management, control the actual input of nitrogen fertilizer, and control the humidity problem during planting. In the early stage of the disease, thiophanate-methyl powder and carbendazim should be used for prevention and treatment. After treatment with medicine, the diseased spots on the diseased leaves will gradually dissipate, and the leaves will gradually become straightened.

2 Analysis of common strawberry pests

2.1 Aphids

Aphids are common pests in the process of strawberry planting, and they have great damage to strawberry quality. At present, aphids mainly include green peach aphid and cotton aphid. The aphids mainly cluster on the young strawberry leaves and absorb the juice. After being sucked, most of the leaves will show chlorosis spots, which cause the leaves to bend and hinder the photosynthesis of the leaves. In addition, aphids are also the main spreaders of many diseases. Aphids will occur during the growing season of strawberry plants, and the actual reproduction speed is faster in a high temperature environment, which causes greater harm to the growth of strawberries. As the temperature in autumn continues to drop, the leaves will gradually wither, and some aphids will lay eggs on the dead branches and leaves for overwintering.

The prevention and control of aphids first requires removing dead leaves, eradicating weeds in the planting area, ensuring the cleanliness of the planting area, and reducing the places where aphids reproduce and lay eggs. It is possible to place creatures such as Coccinella septempunctata in the planting area, and the prevention and control methods of natural enemies of such creatures also have certain effects. Spraying is carried out before flowering, and the actual number of sprays is controlled according to the growth of the strawberry. The medication needs to be stopped 15 days before the fruit picking. The selected agents are mainly dichlorvos, anti-aphicarb, and aphid full doubling solution. After the drug is used, the growth rate of most aphids can be controlled, and most of the breeding grounds are eradicated to reduce the damage of aphids.

2.2 Starscream

Red spiders mainly feed on the unexpanded young leaves of strawberries, which damages the strawberry tissue and chlorophyll, which slows down the actual growth and development time of the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves appear rusty and red. Red spider pests mostly occur in areas with more severe spring and summer droughts, and the actual incidence is more serious in a higher temperature environment. Most red spider magnetites will inhabit the old strawberry leaves and in the crevices of the planting soil.

The prevention and control of red spiders requires timely removal of old leaves and weeds in the planting area to control the places where red spiders live through the winter. In addition, it is necessary to improve water management, so as to avoid the generation of arid growth environment. Placing natural enemies of red spiders such as lacewings in the planting area can effectively control the occurrence of red spiders and have a good effect. Before the fruit is cultivated, it is necessary to spray dicofol emulsion double liquid, aphid full net double liquid, etc., and spray abamectin before actual fruit harvesting. Strawberry has a stable growth and development cycle. Red spiders in the crevices of soil blocks in most planting areas are eliminated. Planters need skills to remove old leaves.

2.3 Blind bug

The bug mainly harms strawberry fruit. The bugs will suck the juice of the strawberry fruit seeds, causing the seeds to be deformed and reducing the commercial value of the fruit. The adult pests of the mirid bugs have a strong flying ability, and most of them are parasitic in the winter. The first generation of larvae live on overwintering parasites. After turning into adult insects, they fly to strawberry fruits to damage them. This pest has a higher probability of occurrence in a humid environment.

The prevention and control of bugs requires timely removal of old leaves and diseased fruits, and eradication of weeds around the planting area, to ensure the cleanliness and sanitation of the park, and to control the main activities of insect pests. For planting areas with severe insect pests, it is necessary to catch and kill the bugs in overwintering places in early spring and late autumn. Before the fruit has bloomed, it is necessary to use Rotospermum to control pests. After applying the medicine, the bugs in the weeds in the planting area can be eliminated, stabilizing the growth of strawberries.

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