Nature's Supplement: The exchange of genetic material between bacteria causes a major outbreak of disease

Release date: 2018-04-23

Recently, a new study reveals for the first time how the ability of bacteria to exchange genetic material directly affects the emergence and spread of important global infectious diseases.

The related results were published in the journal "Nature Communications" on April 13th under the title "Horizontal antimicrobial resistance transfer drives epidemics of multiple Shigella species". One of the authors of the paper was Kate of the Institute of Integrated Biology, University of Liverpool. Dr. Baker.

"Horizontal gene transfer" (HGT) refers to the phenomenon of genetic material exchange between different organisms, or between organelles within a single cell, mainly in microorganisms, often mediated by plasmids, Next to the gene vertical transmission of important gene communication.

Horizontal gene transfer is thought to play a role in the development of the global antibiotic resistance (AMR) crisis. However, little is known about the transfer of AMR in bacterial populations and their direct effects on human disease.

To further understand this relationship, a team of researchers from the University of Liverpool, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the UK School of Public Health surveyed three globally important diarrhea pathogens, Shigella, in the UK between 2008 and 2014. Popular situation.

By combining the epidemiological data of these cases with the genome-wide sequencing analysis of bacteria, the team found that the prevalence of these typical rare pathogens is related to the resistance of an antibiotic called azithromycin, and many co-circulations ( The co-circulating Shigella strain carries an azithromycin resistance gene on the same plasmid.

Further combining the genomic information of different Shigella strains with the epidemiological data on the epidemic, the researchers confirmed that plasmid transfer promoted new disease epidemics.

“Through this study, we have been able to demonstrate that horizontal gene transfer can rapidly promote new epidemics of important pathogens,” said Dr. Kate Baker. “This means that in all areas of AMR research and public health management and monitoring, we need to A more detailed analysis of the pathogen genome to understand the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance."

Reference materials:

Genetic Material Swaps Among Bacteria can Spark Disease Outbreaks

Source: Bio-Exploration

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