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1 Requirements for environmental conditions
Temperature: Flower bud differentiation requires a certain low temperature, that is, the temperature below 7°C takes about 700 to 800 hours. The winter extreme temperatures in the regions where blackberries are grown should not fall below -10°C, otherwise freezing damage will occur. During the fruit enlargement period, the temperature should be controlled within a certain range, and there should be a suitable temperature difference. For example, the blackberry planted in the greenhouse should keep the daytime temperature within the shed at 25-32°C during the berry expansion period, and maintain the temperature at night. 10 ~ 16 °C, day and night temperature control above 10 °C.
Moisture: Wet and wet, resistant to drought, relatively resistant to drought, to achieve high yields and high quality, the soil is often required to remain moist, but it can not accumulate water. Relative soil moisture content must be controlled at 30% to 35%. Blackberry planted in the greenhouse before the bud to flowering, relative humidity within the shed is controlled at 70% to 80%, in order to facilitate the growth of new shoots; before flowering to berry enlargement, the relative humidity of about 60% is appropriate to facilitate Pollination and increase the rate of fruit set; after the berry enlargement to the end of harvest, relative humidity of 60% to 70% is appropriate.
Soil: The most suitable soil pH is 6 to 7, and organic matter content is 2% or more. Well-drained sandy loam is better.
2 Domestic main varieties
The best varieties of Hull?? Blackberry in the United States are non-thorny and half-upright. In the absence of pillars, the annual plant height of natural seedlings is 40 to 50 cm. Plants grow vigorously. The average number of sprouts from 2 to 3 years is 1.6 to 2.0, the average thickness is about 2.0 cm, and 15 to 17 lateral branches are pumped. The mature fruit is purple-black, cylindrical, and the fruit is heavy. The average fruit weight is 6.5- 8.6 grams. The fruit is sweet, sour and juicy, containing soluble solids, and has excellent quality. There are about 75 spikes per plant, with an average of 18.3 grains per panicle, an average yield of 7.45 kilograms per plant, and a yield of 17.25 tons per hectare for a 3-year old crop. It requires 700 hours of low temperature below 7.2°C in winter. The variety is hi light, strong in resistance to diseases and insect pests, drought tolerant and resistant to low temperatures.
Chester?? This species is non-stabbed, upright better than the Hull variety. In the absence of pillars, the natural height of one-year-old seedlings is about 80cm. The growth potential of the plants is strong. The average number of sprouts from 2 to 3 years old is 1.7 to 1.9, and the average thickness is about 2.5 cm. The number of side branches planted is 12 to 19. Mature fruits are purple-black, conical, and fruity. The average fruit weight is 6.0-7.6 g. The fruit tastes good, juice is more, contains 7.4% of soluble solids, excellent quality. There are about 80 spikes per plant, and there are 19.6 grains per panicle. The average yield per plant is 7.01 kg, and the yield per year is 15.75 tons per 3 hectares. It is required that the temperature below 7.2°C in winter be 700 hours. This variety is hi light, drought tolerant and can tolerate low temperatures around -15°C. It is more susceptible to damage by Star Longhorn.
3 Domestic resources
Blackberry cultivation in China began in the 1980s and was first introduced in the 1980s. In 1986, it was the first small-scale trial planted and promoted in Jiangsu Lishui, Jiangsu Province, China, now Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, The planting area of ​​blackberries in Shandong and Anhui has reached more than 10,000 mu. In Jiangsu province, which is dominated by hot and humid blackberries, it has developed rapidly in the past 10 years. By 2000, the cultivated area is about 500 hectares, and the total output is about 10,000 tons. Baima Town (known as the hometown of China's blackberry) in Lishui County, Jiangsu Province currently has a cultivated area of ​​10050 mu, accounting for 72% of the total economic forest fruit area in the town and an average yield of 750 kg per mu.
Blackberry cultivation in China
Blackberry is a genus Rubus, which is native to North America. In 1986, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing, Jiangsu) was first introduced from the United States. Blackberry self-fruited, flowering 15 to 20 days, fruit development period of about 40 days, fruit ripening period of 20 to 30 days. The young fruit is green, and it turns red first when it matures, and then gradually deepens into purple black. Plants enter the early stage of the fruiting period, and generally the fruit can be seen in the year of colonization. In the second year, the output of each 666.7m2 is about 300-400kg, and the highest is 800Kg. In the third year of entering fruitful period, the output per 666.7m2 was 750-1000kg, and the highest was 1600kg. The result was not obvious every other year. Such as good management, sustainable and stable production, economic life of 10 to 15 years. The first year of life above the ground, the perennial underground, life cycle of 15 to 20 years, the fruit is rich in C, E, B1, B2 and other vitamins, also contains more than 20 kinds of amino acids, higher SOD, pectin substances and potassium sodium, Magnesium, zinc, iron and other minerals, including selenium content as high as 2.17 mg / g, is 6 to 7 times that of apple, 2 to 27 times that of citrus. The ripe fruit of blackberry is purple-black, sparkling and bright, soft and juicy, sweet and sour. It can be fresh and suitable for processing. Fresh fruit can be frozen or made into juices, beverages, jams, canned sugar, wine, and more. Blackberry fruit is rich in nutrients, and various nutrients are basically preserved after processing. As the blackberry is a rare fruit rich in various vitamins, amino acids, and human anti-aging substances, it has become more and more popular.
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