Standardized management of orchards this spring has the following importance and urgency: First, the tree body nutrient accumulation was insufficient last year, the quality of flower bud differentiation was not high, and the overwintering base of diseases and insects was too large; second, most orchards were basal fertilizer, autumn ploughing, peeling, and whitening. , The implementation of technical measures for soil cultivation is not complete, and the clearing of the orchard is not complete; third, this year is the national apple "big year", with an increase in fruit volume and fierce market competition. In this regard, orchard spring management should be based on "do a good job of topdressing to protect moisture, ensure flowering and fruit, promote new shoot growth and young fruit development, reduce pests and diseases, and avoid frost", increase investment, and implement various technical measures based on actual conditions. Efforts will be made to improve the level of standardized production to lay a solid foundation for capturing high-quality and high-yield apples this year. 1. Do a good job in pest control ①Clean the garden twice. After the winter cut, completely remove the remaining leaves, hanging branches and branches from the tree, clean the garden and the surrounding fallen leaves, fallen branches, rotten fruit, old paper bags, reflective film and packaging waste, and remove the insect traps and sticky boards on the tree , Burned down and buried deeply. ② Pay close attention to the inspection and scraping of the rot disease on the main trunk and large branches, and the scars of the ring pattern, and strive to achieve the technical requirements of "one scraping, two coatings, three muds, four wrappings, and five bridges". You can choose 10 Baume Duo Lime Sulfur Mixture, Fruit Tree Biological Shield 80 Times Liquid, 1.6% Thiamphenone Suspension 200 Times Liquid, 43% Tebuconazole Suspension 300 Times Liquid, 5% Bacteriotoxic Clear Water Liquid 30 Times Liquid to apply, Reapply once every 10 days or so. Use biological bacterial fertilizer and topsoil to mix at a ratio of 1:1, add water and mud to smear the scar with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 cm, and then wrap it with mulch or film. ③Set up and repair insecticidal lamps before flowering, set up sweet and sour pots in the garden during the flowering period, and hang sticky insect boards in the middle of the crown after the flowers fall to trap and kill pests in various ways. ④ During the budding period, young trees and first fruit trees should be sprayed with 800 times liquid of 43% tebuconazole suspension, 400 times liquid of 1.6% thiamethoxone suspension + 1000 times liquid of 48% chlorpyrifos EC; boil and spray 4 ~5 Baume Duo Lime Sulfur Mixture, or 1.6% Thiophenone Suspension Concentrate 500 times, 43% Tebuconazole Suspension Concentrate 1000 Times Liquid + 48% Chlorpyrifos Emulsifiable Concentrate 1000 Times Solution, and strive to make the whole tree "washed". 8-10 days after the flower fall, choose to spray 800 times liquid of 68.75% mancozeb water dispersible granules + 1500 times liquid of 25% diflubenzuron suspension, 2000 times liquid of 40% triflumuron EC + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times liquid, 70% Emerald water dispersible granules 10000 times liquid. 2. Fertilization to protect moisture ①For orchards that were not applied with basal fertilizer in the late fall and early winter of last year, open 30-40 cm radial furrows in the root distribution area between the large backbone branches before germination and apply basal fertilizer in the tree trays during the flowering period. Apply urea, diammonium phosphate or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. Fertilization rate: 60%-65% of nitrogen fertilizer and 30% of phosphate fertilizer throughout the year, namely 10-20 kg/mu for young trees, 30 kg/mu for young trees, and 50-60 kg/mu for mature trees. ② For orchards that have been fertilized in the late fall and early winter of the previous year, top dressing should be applied from after germination to before flowering. The types and quantities of fertilizer are the same as before. ③Orchards that have not applied biological bacterial fertilizers since last fall can be combined with spring topdressing and shallow furrows to apply high-quality biological bacterial fertilizers that meet the standards, 30-40 kg/mu for young trees, 65-80 kg/mu for young trees, and 65-80 kg/mu for young trees. 120~140 kg/mu, remember that biological bacterial fertilizer cannot be mixed with chemical fertilizers. ④For old, weak and nutrient-deficient trees, on the basis of soil topdressing, the method of hole irrigation biological bacterial fertilizer + 100 times solution of silicon-magnesium-calcium-potassium fertilizer is used to repair the root system and restore growth; you can also spray zinc and iron , Calcium fertilizer, reduce physiological diseases, promote production and improve quality. ⑤Do a good job of soil moisture conservation in farming and mulching (mulch, straw), and preserve natural precipitation and soil moisture to meet the water requirements of the tree before and after flowering. 3. Re-cutting, carving buds and patching branches One is double cut. In view of the large amount of flowers in many orchards this year, it is advisable to carry out re-pruning in accordance with the requirements of "cutting long fruit branches, retracting clusters of flowering branches, and thinning weak flowering branches" after germination to the budding period to remove excessive flower buds. Thinning amount: thinning out 1/3 of orchards or trees with excessive flower amount, thinning out 15%-20% of orchards or trees with large amount of flowers. The second is to cut buds. For those with more than 30 cm of bare parts on both sides of the backbone and large branches of the fruiting tree, as well as the base of the weak branch group that needs to be renewed, it is advisable to select the hidden buds to severely cut and deepen the xylem to promote germination, branching, and filling. The third is patching. During the flowering period, the 1-2 year-old vegetative branches retained by winter shears can be used in the bare parts on both sides of the backbone large branches, and the "cut belly connection" method can be used to fill in the gaps by diagonally connecting the cuttings to increase the amount of branches and increase the yield. 4. Preserving flowers and fruits and thinning flowers and fruits ①Protect flowers and fruits. One is replanting and high-pollination trees, with a configuration ratio of 4 to 5:1. The second is that the orchard that sowed rapeseed as green manure should be cut before flowering and covered with tree trays to play its role of "moisture preservation, temperature stabilization, and fertilization", which is conducive to insects pollinating apples. The third is to release bees during the flowering period (standard: 5 acres of bees per box, or 100 to 150 bees per acre). Fourth, from the beginning of the flower to the full bloom period, artificially point flowers or spray powder; with nutrient solution. Fifth, spray 4% Nongkang 120 liquid 500 times liquid or 10% polyoxin wettable powder 1000 times liquid to prevent mildew heart disease. ②Sparse buds and fruits. The first is the thinning of buds. During the elongation of the inflorescence, the distance between the top flower buds is 15 to 23 cm (20 to 23 cm for red Fuji varieties, 15 to 20 cm for other varieties) or the ratio of flowers and leaves to branches is 1:3 to 4, and then the inflorescence is thinned. Separate the selected inflorescences before flowering, only keep the center flower and 1-2 well-developed side flowers, and remove all the other side flowers. At the same time, remove all the top flower bud flowers and axillary flower bud flowers with poor development on the back, back and top of the backbone large branches and branch groups. The second is fruit thinning. 15 to 20 days after flower fall, choose terminal buds, single fruit, and central fruit with large, right-shaped, and long stalks, and remove excessive lateral fruit, deformed fruit, oblique fruit, and small fruit. , Axillary flowers and fruits and diseased and insect fruits. The third is to fix the fruit. 30-40 days after the flower, the initial fruit tree will retain 2500-5000 fruits/mu, and the full fruit tree will retain 10000-16000 fruits/mu, and the excessive side fruits and over-dense young fruits will be thinned out. . In addition, combine the thinning and fixing of the fruit in time to erase the budding twigs at the branches, near the cut saw (useless), and on the back of the backbone branches to reduce nutrient consumption and improve light conditions. 5. Prevent frost damage during flowering On the basis of timely listening to the local weather forecast, the following measures shall be taken: ①Irrigate the tree trays in advance, spray potash fertilizer or 100 times liquid lime milk on the canopy, reduce the ground temperature, delay the flowering period, and improve the cold resistance of the tree. ②In the evening of the day when freezing damage comes, pile a pile of leaves, wheatgrass (bran), sawdust, and firewood around the orchard every 20-30 meters, light up a little soil around zero, smoke and increase temperature, defrost and prevent freezing. ③In case of strong cooling and sandy weather, suspend bud and flower thinning, delay fruit thinning and fruit setting, and timely spray water to rinse the branches, buds, flowers and fruits. After the weather improves, spray water and fertilizer to resume growth as soon as possible. 6. Intercropping and planting grass 1 to 2 years old dwarf chemical gardens and 1 to 3 years old tree chemical gardens, under the premise of retaining enough nutrient belts, use between rows to select low-stalk, shallow roots, fertilizer-saving, and market promising western (sweet) melons and strawberries before and after Qingming , Peanuts, garlic, peppers, medicinal materials and other economic crops, strive to grow trees with the ground and gardens with gardens. Afterwards, use the open space between rows to grow green manure such as clover, rape, beans, and replace inorganic materials with organic materials, fertilize the soil, enhance tree vigor, promote growth, improve the microclimate in the garden, establish an ecosystem, promote production and quality, reduce costs and increase efficiency . Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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To manage apple orchards in spring is the norm
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