Pollution-free Four Season Cultivation Techniques of Chinese Cabbage

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for vegetable consumption have fundamentally changed. In terms of large-scale cultivation, the traditional cultivation method for autumn sowing and winter storage of vegetables for half a year has become history, replaced by spring sowing, summer sowing, early autumn sowing, and autumn sowing. Four-year cultivation of Chinese cabbage, especially the off-season cultivation, has a short cycle (usually 50-60 days from sowing to harvesting and listing) and high efficiency (benefit of 2000-4000 yuan per 667 square meters), is an important measure to increase farmers' income. Seasonal cultivation of Chinese cabbage requires excellent varieties and cultivation techniques, as well as appropriate cultivation facilities.

1. The main techniques of spring cultivation. The varieties are selected from Yuxin No.5, Spring General, Xinxiang Xiaobao 23. The first is the strict sowing period, where the average temperature is stable above 13 ° C for several consecutive days, and the sowing can be carried out. Such as greenhouses and small bow sheds can be sown in early March. If the shed is covered with plastic film, it can be sown in late March. Open field mulch was sown in early April. Can be directly sown or transplanted. The second is to apply foot fertilizer, deep ploughing and fine raking. 667 square meters of fully rotted high-quality farm manure 5000kg, compound fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 3kg. The third is reasonable dense planting and time seedlings. The row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the seedlings are 2-3 times. There should be no seedlings. See wet, small water hoe irrigation, timely cultivating in time after the watering, scattered hoe to raise the ground temperature, mainly to promote, one to the end. Disease prevention and treatment is mainly based on the prevention of soft rot. If there is a plant in the center of the disease, the roots should be irrigated with anti-kuning, streptomycin for agricultural use, and Luheng No. 6 in time. About 60 days after sowing, advance or delay harvesting according to market conditions to achieve good economic benefits.

2. The main techniques of summer crop cultivation. Varieties selected Yuyuan 50, Xia Sheng. Generally in early spring vegetables such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes and other crops are harvested directly after harvest. It is not suitable for seedling transplanting in summer. The planting period is from June 10 to July 20. After the previous crops are harvested, they should be cleaned in the countryside, pick up litter, weeds, and waste film to avoid breeding insects. Before sowing, 50 kg / m 2 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer was applied to the ditch below the sowing hole, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 35 cm. After sowing, water in time, pour in small water, and add a small amount of insecticides such as trichlorfon or phoxim, and fungicides such as carbendazim and methyltobutin. After the emergence, the heat is high in the summer, and it is the peak period for insect pests. There are mainly aphids, cabbage worms, vegetable tapeworms, diamondback moth, etc. It is necessary to pay special attention to control, otherwise it is difficult to keep the seedlings. Kill the emulsifiable concentrate, kill the slaughter concentrate, and the kung fu concentrate, and combine the spraying control with artificial capture to completely eliminate the pests and ensure the robust growth of the seedlings. If the greenhouse framework can be used to cover shading nets or insect nets, it will be easier to cultivate successfully, greatly reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, and reducing the amount of pesticides used. Thinning seedlings are carried out 2-3 times, and seedlings with 7 leaves are set. Thinning seedlings should be carried out at high noon temperatures. At this time, diseased seedlings are wilted, and it is easy to remove weak seedlings. In the later stage of sitting, topdressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer 30kg / 667 square meters, watering combined with seedlings and topdressing, timely weeding and loosening soil, weeding in the main, not squatting seedlings, to the end. Disease prevention and control can be virus A, plant disease spirit to prevent virus disease, anti-kuning, Ruidu mold to control downy mildew, agricultural streptomycin, agricultural resistance 120 to prevent soft rot. From August to September, it is the off-season of vegetable supply. 45-50 days after sowing, the market must be seized and harvested and listed in time. For more than 50 days, there are pumping phenomenon in the leaf ball, which affects the food quality.

3. The main techniques of early autumn cultivation. The varieties were selected as Yuxin No. 3, Yuxin 60, and Xinxiang Xiaobao 23. The planting period is from July 20 to August 10, and it is easier to cultivate with a shading net or insect net. At this time, it is midsummer in the rainy season, and early stubble should be re-applied. The base fertilizer should be applied, and the rotten organic fertilizer should be 5000 kg / 667 square meters. It will be cultivated with fine rakes and small high ridges. The row spacing is 50 cm and the plant spacing is 45 cm. Pay attention to the quality of seeding, achieve one seeding of whole seedlings, 2-3 times of seedlings, and 7-9 leaves to set seedlings. Pay attention to control of pests, mainly aphids, cabbage worms, cabbage worms, diamondback moth, etc. The combination of chemical control and artificial capture must not have Rana esculenta (boring heartworm) eats the growing point, otherwise the leaf ball cannot be formed normally. Ensure that the seedlings grow robustly. After watering and raining, weeding in shallow-middle tillage. The early planting of Chinese cabbage is easier than the management of spring and summer Chinese cabbage. The harvesting period is slightly longer. When the leaf ball is 70% to 80% full, you can harvest it. Receiving and marketing, stop using medicine two weeks before harvesting to ensure that pollution-free vegetables are on the market.

4. Main techniques of autumn cultivation. The varieties were selected from Yuxin No. 1, Yuxin No. 6, and Xinxiang Xiaobao 23. The sowing period is from August 10th to August 15th. After the previous crops are harvested, they should be cleaned in a timely manner, pick up the miscellaneous crops, reapply the mature organic fertilizer, finely prepare the land, and cover the mulch with small high ridges. Due to the different varieties, they should be planted reasonably The suitable plant row spacing is 60cm × 60cm, and about 1800 trees are planted per 667 square meters (the row spacing of 23 plants in Xinxiang Xiaobao is 45cm × 60cm), so as to achieve a single seedling. When pulling the cross and seedlings, the seedlings are about 5cm apart, 10-15 days after emergence, the seedlings are about 10cm apart, and the seedlings are fixed at 5-6 leaves. . After the lotus period, topdressing and watering can be applied, 20kg of urea can be applied every 667 square meters, watering must be dry and wet, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 30kg / 667 square meters can be applied after balling. The autumn cultivation mainly controls pests and diseases at the seedling stage, and the pests are still mainly aphids, cabbage worms, vegetable tapeworms, and diamondback moth. The soft rot is mainly controlled during the balling stage. If you want to pour in small water, you can add a small amount of agricultural streptomycin or agricultural anti-120 water solution along the water.

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