Nature's amazing discovery: brain-like bacteria

Release date: 2015-10-26

The human brain is known as the highest masterpiece of evolution, while the bacteria are low-level individuals, and there seems to be a world of difference between them. However, scientists at the University of California, San Diego found that the mechanisms by which bacteria communicate with each other are very similar to those of the human brain. The study was published in the October 21 issue of Nature.

"This discovery has not only changed our perception of bacteria, but also changed our understanding of the brain," said Gürol Süel, an associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, the leader of the study. "Human sensations, behaviors, and intelligence depend on electrical signaling between neurons in the brain. This process is mediated by ion channels. Now we find that bacteria also communicate through such ion channels, and thus solve their own problems. Metabolic stress. It can be seen that the neurological diseases triggered by metabolic stress may have ancient bacterial origins, and people can see the treatment of such diseases from a new perspective."

"Our understanding of brain electrical signaling is mostly based on structural studies of bacterial ion channels," Süel said. But how bacteria use these ion channels has always been a mystery. To this end, Süel and colleagues studied long-distance communication in biofilms. Biofilms are made up of millions of closely packed bacteria and are highly resistant to compounds and antibiotics.

The researchers found that when the biofilm composed of Bacillus subtilis grows to a certain size, the protective marginal bacteria periodically stop growing, so that nutrients (especially glutamic acid) flow into the center of the biofilm. Because of this, protected bacteria in the central zone can survive and resist compounds and antibiotics. It is worth noting that half of human brain activity is driven by glutamate.

Researchers believe that metabolic regulation between long-distance bacteria in biofilms may involve electrochemical communication. They then monitored changes in bacterial cell membrane potential in the metabolic oscillations of the biofilm. Studies have shown that changes in membrane potential are consistent with biofilm growth oscillations, and membrane potential changes are ion channel-mediated.

Further studies have shown that long-distance electrical signaling of biofilms is carried out by potassium ions, which coordinate the metabolic activities of internal and external bacteria. By removing the potassium channel of the bacteria, the electrical signal conduction of the biofilm cannot be performed.

“Like the neurons in our brains, bacteria also communicate with each other through ion channel-mediated electrical signals,” Süel explains. “The bacterial population in the biofilm works like a 'bacterial brain'.”

Studies have shown that this bacterial communication mechanism is strikingly similar to the "cortical diffusion inhibition" of the human brain, and cortical diffusion inhibition is thought to be associated with migraine and epilepsy. “Migraine headaches and this bacterial communication are triggered by metabolic stress,” says Süel. “This shows that many epilepsy and migraine drugs can also effectively attack bacterial biofilms and help people solve global health problems – antibiotic resistance.”

Source: Biopass

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