How to Manage Apple Orchards in November

Management points: fall cultivation, clean orchard, trunk protection, winter irrigation security.

After the fruits of November have been harvested and the weather is getting colder, the apple trees begin to fall, but the ground temperature is not very low. At this time, we must seize the favorable opportunity to apply autumn fertilizers, fall tillage, clean up the orchards before the early frost comes. Trunk protection, winter irrigation, and other work, the storage of the fruit but also grading, packaging, storage and storage.

Pest Control

Insect pest control After apple harvesting, leaf miners, cockroaches, leaf roller moths, etc. began to overwinter in the branches and rough cracks with cockroaches, eggs, or larvae. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, pests and branches need to be cut off, the rough skin of the trunk must be scraped off, and the overwintering pests should be trapped by the bundling grass. After collection, they are collectively burned to reduce the number of insect pests in the coming year. After the fall, apple aphid, peach borer, beetle, etc. will infiltrate into the soil around the roots and overwinter, combined with fertilization in the fall, deep-turn the tree disk, and turn the diseased leaves, residual fruits, weeds, and pests that have passed the winter into the ground. The depth of the soil makes it impossible to unearth the next year. At the same time, the overwintering pests in the soil are pulled out of the ground and frozen to death.

Disease prevention and control Apple branch disease mainly includes rotenia, rot and dry rot. It is an important disease that affects the growth of fruit trees and the improvement of fruit quality. It mainly occurs in the adult tree, and the young tree with poor management measures also has occur. From the law of the occurrence of diseases, the best medication time is in the middle or late November. Combine scraping bark and scrape off lesions or lesions.

Soil and Fertilizer Water Management

Autumn basal fertilization is carried out after the apple is picked, so it should be sooner rather than later, and the earlier the fertilization, the better. Autumn Schiff base can supplement the loss of tree nutrients after apple harvesting, especially for trees with multiple trees and early maturing varieties. Early application of basal fertilizer is even more important. It is usually done from the beginning of September to the falling leaves. Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so that the combination of soil and feeding is improved, and the combination of delayed effect and quick effect.

The practice of foliar dressing shows that the spraying of 1% to 1.5% urea on leaves before 15 days of defoliation can prolong leaf life, enhance leaf function, increase photosynthetic intensity, and promote the return of nutrients from the leaf to the tree and roots, thereby increasing the body's volume. Organic nutrient content.

Orchard plowing is generally performed in early November after the harvest of apples. Orchard deep turning can increase the thickness of the soil in the soil layer, improve the ventilation conditions, and increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil. Moreover, by deep tumbling, a large number of new roots can be promoted, root activity can be increased, and nutrients and moisture can be absorbed.

An orchard with irrigated frozen water is used for irrigation. The trees should be filled with water before freezing to meet the water requirements for winter and spring. For orchards without irrigation conditions, the gardens should also be ploughed to conserve water and ensure safe wintering. Pre-winter watering can improve the ability of fruit trees to withstand cold and meet the water requirements of fruit trees in the spring. The specific heat of water is large, which can maintain a relatively stable temperature of the soil and prevent freezing damage. The time should be in mid-November and the temperature should be between -3°C and 10°C.

Trimming fruit trees that need to pull branches should be carried out in the fall. At this time, the pull branches have the characteristics of easy pulling, fast setting, and gentle effect, so as to improve the maturity of the shoots and enrich the fullness of the buds. Pulling branches to open the main non-branch branches, opening angle of 80 degrees, can effectively reduce the tree potential and promote early results.

The trunk of the tree trunk protects the trunk of the apple tree before falling into the fallen leaves, and protects the trunk of the young apple trunk planted in autumn that year to prevent the winter weather.

Sapwood Conditional apple orchards, defoliation before young apple trees, trunk sows or wheatgrass stalks, not only help prevent hares and other bites, but also help prevent winter cold.

After the trunk is coated with white apple trees to defoliate the soil to form a coating, the whitening agent is applied to brush the trunk and the main branches, which can reduce or avoid the burning of the fruit trees and freezing injury, eliminate the overwintering pests in the trunk cracks, and have the effect of preventing cold. The proportion of whitening agent is: 5-6 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of salt, 12.5 kg of water, 0.05 kg of binder, 0.15 kg of animal oil, and 0.5 kg of lime sulfur stock solution. The concentration of the whitening agent should be applied to the trunk so that it does not run down, does not scab, and can be thinly adhered to a layer.

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