Yak is the basis for the development of milk buffalo breeding industry. The quality of yak cultivation is directly related to the healthy and orderly development of milk buffalo breeding industry. Only the scientific cultivation of yaks can improve the quality of the entire herd. Calf raising 1. Colostrum. The milk secreted by the female buffalo within 7 days after delivery is called colostrum. Calves should eat colostrum within 0.5 hours to 1 hour after birth, and the first colostrum should not be less than 1 kg. Colostrum 7 days, twice a day, feeding 3.5 kg to 4 kg / day, milk temperature at 37 °C ~ 39 °C. 2. Constant milk period. Regular milk refers to milk produced after the 7th day of lactation until milk dry. After the calf has ended the period of colostrum, it is transferred to the regular lactation period. Often milk is used to artificially feed milk. The mother-litter suckling period is 3 months, and the male-female suckling period is 4 months. The amount of breast-feeding can be determined according to the calf's size and health status. Generally, the calf is 3.5 kg/day per head, and is fed in the upper and lower part of the afternoon. 37°C to 39°C. Breastfeeding should adhere to qualitative, quantitative, regular, fixed temperature. 3. Early feed. Yak should start to feed yak material and roughage after 7 days after birth. High quality hay should be used for roughage. The two kinds of feed should be placed separately and allowed to freely feed. It is best not to feed silage and other fermented feeds before weaning to avoid excessive stimulation of the rumen. Dietary nutrient levels: Dietary dry matter accounts for about 2.5% of body weight, and there are two NND per kilogram of feed dry matter, including crude protein 16% to 18%, crude fiber 13%, calcium 0.7% phosphorus, and 0.35%. The amount of concentrate should be gradually increased. The amount of concentrate after weaning is 1.5 kg to 2 kg/day per calf. 4. Drink water. After 7 days of yak colostrum, clean drinking water can be placed in the sports field and column. Adequate, fresh and clean drinking water should be ensured. The temperature of drinking water in winter is about 25°C. Yak Management 1. The treatment of newborn calves. After the yak is born, first remove the mucus from the mouth, nose, and ears to ensure smooth breathing, remove soft hooves, iodine sterilize the umbilical cord, and then weigh, number, record, and then manually feed into the yak bar, and pad the yak grass. 2. Breastfeeding hygiene. After the feeding is completed, the yak must be wiped clean, and continue to hold on the neck for about 10 minutes to 15 minutes until the reflection of the breast milk drops and then release, to avoid sucking between the yak. Keep breast-feeding equipment clean and sanitary, regularly clean and disinfect the breast-feeding equipment, and require daily cleaning and disinfection twice. 3. Health bar. Newborn yak should be kept alone for 10 days after birth so that it can be taken care of individually to prevent infection. Clean the interior of the bar, keep it clean and dry, and disinfect it regularly once a week. 4. Exercise and light. Calves can exercise freely for 30 minutes after they have been born for 10 days, gradually prolonging with the increase of the age, but avoid sun exposure at noon, and do winter cold and warm work. 5. Grouping, weaning. Calves can be weaned only after 90 days of production when the calf's feed intake reaches 1.5 kg/day. After weaning, they are strictly divided into different age groups and weights to be reared and managed in groups. 6. Positioning and brushing period. The cattle should be positioned and adjusted during feeding and after weaning, so that they can develop good habits for feeding and eating. At the same time, it is also convenient for brushing or bathing the calves on a daily basis, so that humans and animals can be friendly and easy to use. Management. 7. Weighing, body measurement. The weaning weight was measured according to the breeding regulations and the body weight of 3 and 6 months old was measured. 8. Disease prevention. The veterinarians and keepers observe the daily appetite, mental status, and fecal status of the cows so that the calves can be found early and treated early. According to the veterinary epidemic prevention regulations, do a good job of vaccination. 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Feeding and Management Techniques for Milk Buffalo Calf
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