With the development of greenhouse vegetable industry, more and more types of pests and diseases occur, and the degree of harm is getting heavier. To this end, on the basis of years of production practice and field trials, experts have summarized a set of comprehensive measures for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in greenhouses, which are now briefly introduced. First, the occurrence characteristics of vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouse 1. There are many types of pests and diseases. The facility protects the ground from high humidity and low light, and the temperature difference is large, which is conducive to the propagation of pests and diseases. The life cycle of pests and diseases is shortened, the number of generations increases, the number of occurrences increases, and it is easy to develop, multiple, and re-emerge. Greenhouse in poor ventilation, high concentration of harmful gases, low CO2 concentration, even for heavier soil salinization was evident, poisoning, soak the root, nutritional imbalances and other physiological diseases often occur, affecting plant and growing population, resilience, resistance The pests and diseases are declining. In addition, the cultivar is single, not paying attention to the cropping, and the soil-borne pathogens and pests accumulate in the soil, which is easy to cause epidemic. 2. The law is complicated. Whether it is disease or pest, the law in the shed is more complicated than the open conditions. Mainly manifested in: 1 wintering period shortened or no wintering period. The temperature in the winter and spring sheds is much higher than that outside the shed, and the vegetable seedlings and production are in a continuous state. The host exists in successive years, which makes many pests that should be dormant and winter in winter. The wintering period is greatly shortened, and some even have no winter. Period, all year round. 2 The number of initial infection sources is large. It is precisely because the vegetable pests in the shed have a shortened wintering period or no wintering period, and the initial infestation base is much larger than the open field. 3 The number of re-infections of pathogens and the number of pest occurrences increased. 3. Spread and spread quickly, and the harm is serious. The spore formation, germination and infestation of pathogenic bacteria require relatively sufficient temperature and humidity conditions. Because the air circulation is small, the humidity is high, the light is poor, and the temperature is suitable, it is easy for the pathogenic bacteria to invade the crop body, and the rapid propagation and transmission hazard, the speed of transmission is high, the quantity is large, the damage period is long, and the damage is heavy. Second, comprehensive prevention and control technical measures The prevention and control of pests and diseases in greenhouse vegetables is based on the optimization and breeding of varieties, strengthen the introduction and management and quarantine, and do a good job in seed selection, soil (matrix) treatment and environmental protection around the greenhouse, comprehensive utilization of cultivation management measures, physical measures, chemical pesticides and biological agents. Comprehensive prevention and control, improve the control effect, reduce the application amount of organic chemical pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, and finally achieve the purpose of producing green pollution-free vegetables. 1. Plant quarantine. It is strictly forbidden to blindly adjust and introduce seeds to prevent the spread of quarantine pests such as melon black spot disease, tomato canker disease and cucumber nematode disease. At the same time, strict phytosanitary measures to protect agricultural production safety in pest free areas and avoid differences in variety adaptability. 2. Agricultural control 2.1 breeding, selection of resistant varieties Choose vegetable varieties that are suitable for local cultivation and have strong resistance to diseases and insects and stress resistance. 2.2 cultivation of seedlings without pest Planting should be avoided in the nursery to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Seedlings such as nutrition, nutrition, nutrient solution, etc. can be used. The seedbed soil (matrix) should be disinfected. Seeds with no pests and diseases, high germination rate, and seed treatment are selected. Strengthen seedling stage fertilizer and environmental management, conditionally cover the insect-proof net, and reach Miaoqi, Miaoquan, Miaoyun and Miaozhuang. 2.3 Scientific and effective management From the start of sowing until the ripening of vegetables, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature and humidity control according to the season and the growth period of the vegetables, and master the size of the vents and the time of release. Keep the shed film clean, especially when the winter light is insufficient, always clean the dust on the greenhouse film, the straw curtain will be exposed early, the light time will be extended, the light intensity will be increased, and the crop will grow vigorously to reduce the disease. At the same time, we must strengthen fertilizer and water management. Dry and wet combination in moisture management. The humidity of the soil and the indoor air in the shed should not be too large. Under the conditions of submerged dark drip irrigation or drip irrigation, the ground watering should also be ditched to avoid flooding. Fertilizer application should pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and then applied. It should not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and pay attention to the application of trace element fertilizer. In the middle and late management, attention should be paid to the root dressing according to the growth of the plant, timely pruning, control of the length, scientific and reasonable spraying of plant growth regulators, prohibition of abuse, and indiscriminate use of plant growth regulators. 2.4 high ridge mulching cultivation Greenhouse vegetables should be cultivated in high-mulch mulch, which can reduce the rhizome soaked in water during irrigation, effectively improve soil rhizosphere soil permeability, reduce indoor air humidity, and cause eggplant verticillium wilt, pepper blight, melon wilt, etc. Soil-borne diseases have a significant preventive effect. At the same time, for wintering and anti-season vegetables planted in winter, the ground temperature can be increased after film mulching, and plant growth can be effectively promoted. 2.5 Grafting Grafting can not only improve crop stress resistance, but also play a good role in controlling diseases such as blight and verticillium wilt, and can also effectively increase vegetable yield. The use of grafting techniques such as cucumber and zucchini has a significant effect on improving disease resistance and yield. 3. Physical control 3.1 high temperature shack During the hot summer season, use the leisure time to buckle the shed for 1 to 2 weeks. Use solar energy to make the indoor temperature above 60 °C, kill germs and eggs and nematodes on the soil surface and wall, disinfect and deworm the soil, reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and effectively prevent blight and dryness. Diseases, soft rot and other soil-borne diseases. 3.2 Soaking in warm soup Pre-soaked with cold water of 2 to 3 times the weight of the seed for 1 hour, and then soaked in 50-55 ° C constant temperature water for 20 to 30 minutes, and continuously stirred, and then cooled or germinated with room temperature water to kill a variety of pathogens. 3.3 Setting up the insect net In the process of vegetable seedling growth or growth, an insect-proof net is set to prevent pests from moving into the greenhouse, and the insect-proof and disease-preventing effects are very obvious. Generally, 40 greenhouses can be selected for the greenhouse. 3.4 yellow board, light traps pests Use 6cm × 4cm rectangular cardboard, apply yellow paint and then apply 1 layer of engine oil, hang in the shed, generally effective planting area of ​​667m2 in the greenhouse, hanging 30 ~ 40 pieces, trapping aphids, white powder 虱 effect; The black light traps the adults of Plutella xylostella and the adult tigers; the indoor suspension frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp has a strong insecticidal effect on a variety of pests. 4. Biological control 4.1 Protection and utilization of natural enemies The growing environment of the facility vegetables is relatively closed, which provides favorable conditions for pest control. The release of natural enemy insects can control pests more effectively and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides. For example, using predatory natural enemies such as ladybugs, grasshoppers, larvae, and red-eye bees to control pests such as aphids and whitefly; use white cockroaches to control indoor whitefly; use red-eye bee to control cotton bollworms; The bee is used to control peach aphid and cotton aphid. 4.2 promote the use of bio-pesticides Such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Acariciid bacillus, insect virus preparations and agricultural antibiotics, Crustacea can prevent and control a variety of pests such as greenhouse whitefly; commonly used agricultural antibiotics are agricultural streptomycin, agricultural anti-120, more Antimycin, jinggangmycin, huaguangmycin, 10% mixed fatty acid EW, etc. 5. Chemical control 5.1 rational drug use It is strictly forbidden to use highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides. 5.2 Scientific medication The right medicine, timely and appropriate medication, alternating medication, can not be added or subtracted with the use of the ratio, the same component of the drug can not be superimposed, continuous medication, to avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity, delay the formation of disease resistance, drug resistance cycle, improve control effects. 5.3 pay attention to the method of application In the production of vegetable vegetables, the common method of spraying pests and diseases should pay attention to the application site and spraying time. For example, the whitefly is slow in the morning when there is dew, and the spraying effect is good in the morning; most fungal diseases are concentrated on the back of the leaves. Avoid causing the flow of liquid medicine, especially in the harsh winter rainy (snow) days, it will increase the humidity in the shed indoors, reduce the shed temperature, poor control effect, and even aggravate the disease. At this time, the dust method, the smoke method, the stalk or the smudge fruit can be used instead of the spray method in a closed facility to reduce the amount of medicine and the number of applications, and to control pesticide residues. 5.4 Selection of high efficiency equipment It is recommended to select high-efficiency equipment for greenhouse pest control. It can greatly reduce the amount of medicine used, save labor and labor, enhance the effect of chemical control, reduce pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, reduce soil pesticide pollution, and comprehensively improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. 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Comprehensive prevention and control technical measures for main diseases and insect pests in greenhouse vegetables