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1. The root of radish is the phenomenon of "branching" when the lateral roots of radishes expand. Under normal conditions, the function of lateral roots is to absorb water and nutrients and generally does not expand. Its formation is caused by many reasons: poor soil physical and chemical properties, shallow soil layers, many gravels, and imprecise land preparation all hinder the normal growth of the main root, and increase the transmission of nutrients to the lateral roots, resulting in the delivery; Incompletely decomposed organic fertilizer, the heat produced by the fermentation of fertilizer in the soil burns out the growing point of the main root, and the lateral root changes from the root of absorption to the root of storage and causes the root enlargement of the fleshy root; the seed is too dense, the seedling is not timely, and the root of the radish is not timely. Congestion causes the main root to bend, causing the lateral roots to thrive and form a tiller; in agrass and other agricultural activities, the main root growth point is damaged and the root part is damaged; the seeds are stored for 4 to 5 years (especially in high temperature and high humidity conditions. Chen seeds, stored below, often suffer from damage to the radicle tip, or damage to the main root due to reasons such as transplanting, rain, and high groundwater levels, all of which increase the root formation.
Preventive measures: (1) Select sandy loam soil or loam soil with deep soil and high organic matter content, deepen the soil, fine soil preparation, and practice deep sorghum cultivation. (2) Forbidden to use organic fertilizer without compost as base fertilizer. (3) Proper close planting, single plant seedlings. (4) The implementation of shallow ploughing will not harm the main roots and protect the main root system. (5) Select new planting, do not sow species.
2. The cracking root is the cracking of fleshy root (commonly known as fry water), which is mainly caused by the uneven supply of soil moisture during the growth of radish. The dry soil of the radish root before the expansion of the main root causes the outer cortex to gradually harden, and the internal cells grow slowly; the rainfall during the prosperous period is sufficient, the secondary xylem cells rapidly expand, and the pericytes harden, which can not keep up with the expansion rate of the secondary xylem cells and burst. The skin causes cracking. Occurred in dry and wet uneven areas, land after the first drought.
Preventive measures: Water should be evenly distributed during the growth of radish roots, avoid drying and moisture.
3. The heart of carrots will seriously affect their food value. In the late growth stage of radish, due to the rapid enlargement of the fleshy roots, some parenchyma cells in the xylem that are far away from the transducing tissue lack nutrient supply, the sugar content in the cells decreases, the soluble solids and moisture content decrease, and at the same time, the intercellular spaces are created, thereby causing irritability. The radish sprouts are closely related to the variety, sowing date, boron deficiency, and water management. The fleshy roots are soft and grow fast. Large-sized varieties with low starch and sugar content in the cells or short-early-maturing and very early-maturing varieties with a short growing period are easy to worry about. Seeding was too early, water and fertilizer were not supplied properly, water supply was sufficient in the early stages of radish growth, and the main roots grew normally. Afterwards, drought or insufficient supply of water and fertilizers, especially boron-depleted soils, could easily lead to heart failure. When early convulsions occur, photosynthetic products are rapidly sent to the top growth point, resulting in a lack of nutrients in the roots of the radish. The fleshy roots are stored in high-temperature and dry places, and they are also worried because they lose water.
Preventive measures: use anti-disease-resistant varieties, timely sowing, adding boron fertilizer to ensure a reasonable supply of water and fertilizer, early-maturing varieties should be harvested in time, select a low temperature, high humidity storage is an effective measure to prevent carrots heart.
4. Black skin, black heart, black skin, black heart are mainly caused by two factors: (1) black rot. The symptoms of radish fleshy roots were not obvious after the injury. After the incision, the catheter was darkened, the internal tissues were dry rot, and the pith was mostly black and hollow; (2) The soil was compacted and organic manure was insufficiently decomposed. The microbial activity is intense and consumes a large amount of oxygen, resulting in the lack of oxygen in the roots of the radish, resulting in black skin and black hearts.
Preventive measures: (1) appropriate sowing, avoid continuous cropping, avoid planting in low-lying land, and disable unripe organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer. (2) spraying 72% of agricultural streptomycin 3000 times in the early stage of black rot, spraying 7 to 10 days, and spraying 3 to 4 times. (3) intensive cultivation to avoid soil compaction.
5. Spicy spicy radish is mainly due to the dry and hot weather, lack of fertilizer and other causes of the main root growth is slow, small head, high mustard oil content and strong spicy taste.
Preventive measures: Delay the sowing date properly, so that the rapid expansion of radish meat roots to avoid the hot hot climate. Strengthen field management to ensure sufficient water and fertilizer.
6. Bitterness The bitter taste of radish is mainly due to the presence of momordicin in the root of the meat. It is a basic compound containing nitrogen. Radish planted in black humus soil, or partial application, re-application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is seriously insufficient, it will form a lot of momordicin in the radish meat root, so that the radish bitter.
Preventive measures: Choose suitable soil (such as red and yellow sand loam) for planting, adopt nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer.
7. The unripe convulsions and radishes twitch and bloom before the fleshy roots are fully inflated. The nutrients are consumed by the reproductive growth. The flesh roots change from a dense state to a loose state and lose their food value. The production is often due to improper selection of varieties, sowing time is too early or too late, due to low temperature, long sunshine, strong light and other factors and improper cultivation and management measures to form the immature convulsions.
Preventive measures: According to the characteristics of the varieties, select the appropriate sowing date, and improve the cultivation management measures in a targeted manner so that the radish will not twitch due to the completion of the vernalization process and the photoperiod before the fleshy root is fully expanded.
Causes and preventive measures of root deterioration of radish
If improper measures are taken during the cultivation and management of radish, it will lead to malformation and quality deterioration of the roots of the radish, which will directly affect the marketing and reduce the planting efficiency. The reasons for the deterioration of radish root quality and preventive measures are described below.
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