Today, Xiaobian wants to introduce the breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum. Through technical research and testing, it shows that the cultivation technology of Dendrobium candidum in the Three Gorges Natural Medicine Science and Technology Park is mature, highly operational, mature, low cost, safe and environmentally friendly. It is important to carry out the breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum in the whole district and the whole town. 1 Physical Geography Overview Yaqueling Town is located in the Dongdaemun of Yiling District. It is the transition zone from the western mountainous area to the Jianghan Plain. It is located at 111°27′8′′～111°39′30′′ east and 30°32′33′′～30° north latitude. 47'35". It is connected to Dangyang City in the east, Jinyingang Forest Branch and Wujia District in the west, Zhijiang City and Yuting District in the south, and Longquan Town in Dingyang City and Dingling District in the north. The terrain gradually slopes from the northwest to the southeast, and the sea level gradually descends from the highest Tianfeng phoenix view 313m to the 68m of the Wenyu Houlong Cave. The territory is distributed with low mountains, hills and plains, forming a typical hilly and plain landform. The Yaque Ridge belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine, mild climate, cold winters and hot summers, four distinct seasons, annual rainfall of 1200-1400 mm, extremely uneven rainfall and rainfall, and concentrated rainfall from May to September. The amount is around 800mm, accounting for 74% of the annual rainfall; from October to December, the rainfall is 14%, and the January-April rainfall is only 12%. The annual average temperature is 16.6 °C, the frost-free period is 245-290 days, the extreme maximum temperature is 41.4 °C, the lowest temperature is -12 °C, and the annual average sunshine hours is 1 669.2h. 2 Basic situation of the implementation area The Science and Technology Park is located in Wulong Village, Yalongling Town, Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province. After the implementation of the Science and Technology Park project has achieved substantial benefits, it will guide and guide the development of the cultivation, production and development of the characteristic Chinese medicine industry in the whole town and even the whole city. The formation of the industrial chain of pharmaceutical companies + companies + farmers will certainly increase the income of farmers in the project area. Table 1 Comparison table of major sarcophagus varieties 3 Comparison of major sarcophagus varieties It can be seen from Table 1 that Dendrobium candidum has the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment, easy identification of the shape, easy absorption of medicinal value, good taste, more edible parts and simple promotion, and shows obvious advantages in comparison with other Dendrobium species. 4 Benefit Analysis All are planted in conjoined greenhouses (overhead sheds). The size of the shed is 30m×6m, and the span between the shed and the shed is 8m. The gap between the shed and the shed (convenient for personnel) is 1.2m, according to 3 sheds. The conversion is 667m2, that is, the greenhouse is 540m2 (30m×6m×3), the gap is 108m2 (30m×1.2m×3), and the artificial walkway and other radiation area is 19m2. Due to the unstable production in the first and second years after the planting of Dendrobium candidum, the harvested yields are different. However, after the third year (ie the second harvest), the output increased steadily. This data is analyzed in the third year of “Zhujialou†Dendrobium candidum cultivation: The number of seed plants is 1m2×70～100 plants/m2=80 plants (there are large seedlings and new seedlings) 80 live births × 90% survival rate (technical index) = 72 strains The number of recoverable plants in the next year is 72 (plants) × 3 to 5 (fresh strips) / strain = 216 (calculated by 3) Each fresh bar weighs 216 (fresh bars) × 4 ~ 8g / bar = 864g (calculated by 4g) The greenhouse (540m2 with an effective area of ​​350m2) yields 350m2 × 864g = 302 400g = 302.4kg annual related costs of raw materials, hydropower, drugs and labor wages, a total of about 18 000 yuan, the annual run profit (not sick) is expected 220,000 yuan, The output value per mu is 240,000 yuan (300kg × 800 yuan / kg). 5 Dendrobium candidum seedling breeding The tissue culture chamber of Dendrobium candidum was established. After the process of “tissue culture - bottle seedling - screening - refining - washing seedling - domestication cultivation", the Dendrobium candidum seedlings that meet the requirements can be transplanted to the greenhouse. 6 Dendrobium candidum cultivation techniques In combination with the habits of Dendrobium candidum, the ramets must be planted in clusters, and the three plants are a cluster with a spacing of 8 to 10 cm. When planting, the same robust seedlings are planted together with 3 plants, pay attention to planting. Do not press the root system, only the organic light can be applied to the roots of the seedlings. When planting, pay attention to reasonable dense planting, neatly arranged, and a vertical and horizontal line to facilitate the ventilation and light transmission of the seedlings. The choice of site for daylight greenhouses must first select project sites according to the growth habits of Dendrobium candidum. The selected project areas should fully consider the pollution-free areas of industrial environment; the construction of sunshades must be planned, the sheds are north-south, and the ground is relatively Leveling, digging a drainage ditch around the sun awning, installing a high-power air conditioner under the condition of sufficient funds, and timely adjusting the temperature, humidity, water spray, etc., which are suitable for the growth of Dendrobium candidum according to the temperature change, are automatically controlled by computer. The sunshade must be a large framed scaffolding of steel frame structure, so that the height of the shed is 5~6m or more, and the area is more than 2 000m2. The wild-type cultivation under the sunshade can be divided into trunk bundle cultivation, hanging pot cultivation and planting bed cultivation according to different cultivation carriers. (1) Technical points for planting beds under greenhouses. The width of the bed must be easy to operate. For example, it is advisable to set four beds of 1.3 m in width in a 8 m wide sunshade. Rich in matrix thickness of about 10 cm, blended with a matrix. A slate seedbed above 30cm above the ground is laid in the shed to ensure that the planting substrate is ventilated and permeable, and then the organic matter particles are laid on the ground and then planted with stone seedlings. The average temperature of transplanting is carried out in the season of 15~30°C. It is not suitable for bottle transplanting when the temperature is too low or too high. Generally, it can be cultivated except for the coldest January to February and the hottest from July to August. Drill a small hole of 3 to 5 cm in the substrate, and gently put the root of Dendrobium candidum into a small hole, taking care not to break the root of Dendrobium candidum. The planting distance is 12cm×15cm, and the 1 seedling is 3~5 standard seedlings. Planting density and number of seedlings directly affect yield. It is advisable to completely cover the roots. Planting too deep leaves is prone to decay and causing disease. The shallow base is planted in the air and does not use new roots to grow. The water management of freshly transplanted tissue culture seedlings is critical. The lack of water grows slowly and the survival rate is low, but too much watering will rotten roots. High temperature, high temperature will cause soft rot, so the air temperature is maintained at about 80% within 1 week after transplanting. After 1 week, the plant starts to emit new root air temperature can be maintained at about 70%. The matrix remains dry and wet alternately. Conducive to hair roots sprouting. (2) Technical points for bundling cultivation of trees under the greenhouse. Choose a breast diameter of 10cm or more, with many branches, thick canopy, moist under the forest, ventilation, moderate trunk, loose bark, longitudinal cracks, easy-to-manage Maple, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus and Masson pines. The lower Dendrobium sinensis is bundled with imitation wild cultivation. 80 trunks were selected for each 666.7m2, and each trunk was bundled with 50 clusters according to the trunk size, 2 to 3 plants per cluster, and 8,000 to 12,000 plants per mu. The seedbed can be tied to the trunk with a rope, and enough organic particles can be applied, and the domesticated stone seedlings can be tied to the seedlings. (3) Key points for cultivation of hanging pots under the greenhouse. The greenhouse requires 70% shading. The substrate selection is the same as that of the planting bed. The seedlings are selected to be robust, green and germinated, roots are developed, and there are no pests and diseases. Plants with 5 to 7 leaves per pot are planted in each pot. Plants are planted in pots, 4 to 6 pots per tree, 400 to 600 pots per acre, 2 to 3 plants per pot, 8,000 to 18,000 per acre. 7 Field management of Dendrobium candidum (1) Field management is a key link in the success of planting. As the saying goes: "Three-point, seven-point management" refers to the daily management of the field. Now it has summed up the daily management of the eight major shoals, which are usually grown in the inferior deep mountain forests and cliffs of the cliffs. On the trunk, the habit is warmer, semi-yin and half-yang, moist, and breathable environment. Imitation of wild cultivation requires artificial simulation of the wild growth environment. The design of cultivated sun shed and cultivation base is also designed according to this characteristic. According to the characteristics of better dampness of the stone shovel, the sun awning is surrounded by a sunshade net with a certain light transmittance. The purchase of the sunshade net is more important. If the light transmittance is too high, the seedlings will be burnt to death. If the light transmittance is too low, the photosynthesis will be affected, resulting in slow growth of the seedlings. Above the greenhouse is a spray device that controls the temperature and humidity of the cultivation in the shed. When entering the management period of the Dendrobium candidum seedbed, it should be observed at any time: the humidity of the colony (thermometer monitoring), the humidity is 60%~75%, and the temperature should not exceed the temperature. At 35 ° C (summer), the temperature exceeds 35 ° C will cause the seedling to go to sleep, the best normal temperature can be maintained between 25 ~ 27 ° C is the optimal growth temperature. After entering the winter, it is necessary to strengthen the anti-icing and anti-freezing facilities in the shed. The plastic film inside the shed must be tightly covered. It is necessary to install an air conditioner and implement temperature control to prevent the seedlings from freezing. (2) Wet temperature. The optimal temperature for growth of Dendrobium candidum is 20-32 ° C and the humidity is 60%-90%. At high temperatures, use an automatic spray system, use weakly acidic or neutral water, use a spray to cool and moisturize; at low temperatures, take appropriate protective measures. (3) Topdressing. In the growing season of Dendrobium candidum, it should be topdressed according to the growth condition. The mixture of decomposed soybean, rapeseed cake and superphosphate can be added to the roots with a mixture of river mud. In addition, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for top dressing. . (4) Pruning. Before the spring germination of new shoots, combined with the old stems, the dried stems of the plexus are cut off, and the diseased stems, weak stems and roots are removed. After 5 to 6 years of planting, the growth of the plexus is re-branched and re-bred. 8 Pest control of Dendrobium candidum (1) Prevention and control of pests and diseases must follow the principle of prevention and control. "Prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control", based on horticultural control, strengthen artificial control, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. There are the following control measures: 1 Create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases, use steel beds with a certain distance from the ground to improve water permeability and reduce the harm of underground pests such as snails and ground tigers. 2 sheds are installed with insect-proof nets in a week to prevent moths from flying into the shed to lay eggs and breed other insects. (2) Observing pests and diseases that are easily produced by Dendrobium candidum. 1 Diseases: soft rot, anthracnose, etc., mainly affecting leaves and stems, brown or gray lesions appear in the damaged leaves. Control method: spray with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution 1 or 2 times and 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 1 000 times solution for 2 to 3 times. 2 pests are: snails, snails (snakes), etc., mainly harmful to young stems and young leaves. Control method: You can sprinkle lime or salt around the planting bed. You can also use the red amphibians to kill the mites and use the snail to kill the snails. Pests must be based on prevention and population killing. For example, chemical control of diseases and insect pests should be strictly implemented. 9 Mining and processing of Dendrobium candidum (1) Take the best time. The relationship between the growth of Dendrobium candidum and medicinal ingredients, the medicinal ingredients of the Dendrobium candidum can be accumulated for the best time after planting for 18 to 20 months, and the leaves of the stems have completely fallen off or the bases of the stems are covered by white leaf sheaths. The accumulation of polysaccharides is complete. The harvest season is in the Ching Ming Festival, which is reduced to the next year. The stems and branches are generally harvested from November to March of the following year. When harvesting, the stems and branches of more than 3 years are cut, leaving the tender stems to continue to grow. Flowers are harvested from March to June each year, and flowers of more than 3 years of stems are generally harvested. (2) Processing. The traditional processing method is to remove impurities, cut off some of the fibrous roots, and twist them into a spiral or spring-like drying or cut-off while heating, drying or low-temperature drying. The former is commonly known as the iron bell, also called earrings. The latter is referred to as Dendrobium. Based on the analysis and research results of the seedling breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum, the seedling breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum were affected by many factors, but from the test results, the seedling breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum were suitable. The project promoted in Yiling District. fresh Frozen Clam meat Clam Meat,Frozen Clam Meat,Fresh Clam Meat,Fresh Frozen Clam Meat Zhoushan Junwei Aquatic Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.junweiaquatic-intl.com
Breeding and cultivation techniques of Dendrobium candidum in Yiling District