Autumn crops must pay attention to matters needing attention

Rapeseed is the main oil crop planted by farmers in the Yangtze River Valley in the province in autumn and winter. Due to the soaring purchase price in the rapeseed market this year, the enthusiasm of farmers to plant oilseed rape in autumn is also increasing. Before and after the National Day, it is the critical period for the autumn sowing of rapeseed. What problems do farmers need to pay attention to when transplanting rape seedlings and transplanting rice fields? To this end, the reporter interviewed the chief expert of the provincial oil cotton industry system and Professor Zhou Kejin of Anhui Agricultural University.

Appropriate early sowing and cultivation of strong seedlings

"Appropriate early sowing and nurturing strong seedlings are the key to achieving high yields." Professor Zhou Kejin said in an interview with reporters that the suitable sowing date for transplanting rapeseed along the Huaihe River can be selected in early September, and the seedlings of farmers in Jianghuai Hilly Region can be moved. The suitable sowing date for planting rapeseed can be selected in mid-September. The suitable sowing date for transplanting rape seedlings along the river can be selected in late September. The ratio of seedbeds to Daejeon is 1:6-8, and the seedbed fertilizer and water control are strengthened to cultivate large and strong seedlings. Appropriate transplanting period is appropriate in the middle and late tenth of October. The seedling age is 35-40 days. About 6,000 transplanted cultivars per acre are transplanted with early drought and flood, and about 8000 cultivars are transplanted with late acreage and cotton pods per acre.

Farmers need to pay attention to the fact that, when the rapeseed is transplanted at a high density, the “one-hole double plant” can be used and the row spacing can be adjusted appropriately. When transplanting, the seedlings should be graded and transplanted in Chaoyanggou, and the roots and soils should be in close contact to shorten the period of seedling sowing. If the rapeseed is exposed to rain during the transplanting period, the farmers should avoid transplanting with rain and grab a good transfer before the rain or rain.

When the live broadcast rapeseed sowing period is from late September to early October, the seeding rate per acre is controlled at 0.2-0.25 kg and 2-30000 seedlings per acre. For the plots planted in the late mid-to-late October and poor lyrics, farmers should appropriately increase the amount of sowing. With conditions permitting, farmers can adopt the form of live broadcasting of machinery, so that uniform sowing and consistent broadcast depth can be achieved. When the lyrical condition is poor, attention should be paid to repression after sowing. Artificially sowed rapeseeds should be planted before the sowing or after sowing, as soon as the conditions are suitable, and at the latest, no later than the rapeseed 3 leaf stage. After a set of live rapeseeds are cut off from water, it is best to open the ditch in advance in order to prevent rotten seeding from affecting seedling emergence due to the water in the field.

Scientific fertilization timely control

Professor Zhou Kejin told reporters that for medium-yield canola fields in our province, farmers can generally apply 10-12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-4 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 4-6 kg of potassium fertilizer, 0.5 kg of borax, and 50% of all nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizers. , Potassium fertilizer, boron fertilizer as base fertilizer (30-40 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, 0.5 kg of borax), 20%-30% of nitrogen fertilizer for seedling fertilizer (10 kg of urea per mus), 20%-30% of nitrogen fertilizer for bud fertilizer (Mu urea 10 kg). Pre-winter strong growth plots can be applied without seedlings.

The long-term practice of rapeseed production proves that spraying growth regulators is an effective measure for steady growth of rapeseed. Prof. Zhou Kejin suggested that the Wangchang block can be sprayed with 25-30g of 15% paclobutrazol (40kg) per acre in the early stage of buds to control and prosper. The beetle can be sprayed with Bi-Yuan and Parnock before winter. Regulators can effectively improve the plant's ability to prevent freezing and stress. Bud fertilizer should promote early application and reuse.

Board annihilation grass control pests

In the prevention and control of weeds, Professor Zhou Kejin told reporters that we should advocate the use of sowing front-panel annihilation techniques and strive to minimize the number of weed bases in rapeseed fields in order to reduce the pressure on weed control during the growth stage of rapeseed. Before 1-3 days of planting, farmers can use 41% of Roundup water agent 150 ml watered 30 kg spray mist to ensure a safe interval, so that rapeseed rape after sowing from the phytotoxicity. In the field growing season, farmers can prevent grass weeds before the pre-winter weed 3 leaf stage, rape 6-8 leaf stage control broadleaf grass.

Rape growers mainly control viral diseases, downy mildew and clubroot disease at seedling stage, and focus on controlling sclerotial disease in flowering stage, using 50% carbendazim or prochloraz 100 g, or 70% thiophanate 60 g 40 kg of water was sprayed on the plants. The control of seedling aphids can be used 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10-15 grams or 600 times the net quail; control of cabbage worms can be used 20% cypermethrin 2000-3000 times or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times.

Prof. Zhou Kejin reminded that when two-thirds of the whole plant of rapeseed is yellowish-green, the corner of the main shaft is dark-colored, that is, eight matures are the suitable period for staged harvesting. Available cutting machine or manual cutting, after-ripening 5-7 Days later threshing with a pick-up thresher. Without staged harvesting, one-time harvesting using a rapeseed combine harvester is postponed by 5-7 days compared to staged harvesting. Grain moisture is below 9%.

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