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Since the beginning of the 21st century, the crisis of population growth and food scarcity has remained seriously before the people. It is assumed that by 2025, the global population will reach 8 billion. To meet the needs of the global population, food production must increase by 80% over 1995. However, the world's arable land is limited, and the increased production can only be achieved through scientific and technological advancement to increase the yield. The promotion of genetically modified crops has made it possible to increase grain production.
Transgenic technology is the use of molecular biology methods to transfer genes of certain organisms to other biological species to form new transgenic species, which can not only significantly improve yield, anti-disaster capacity and nutritional quality, but also may reduce The cost of agricultural production improves the deteriorating agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, the use of genetically modified crops as raw materials to make genetically modified foods can yield more and better quality foods, thereby bringing profound changes and long-term impacts to the global agriculture and society. It is considered as a "green revolution" in agricultural technology. ".
In our country, solving the food problem for a population of 1.3 billion is the biggest concern of the Chinese government. Half of the "863 Project" is used for agricultural technology research that includes genetically modified crops. By 1999, the area planted with GM crops in China was second only to the United States, Canada, and Argentina.
The genetically modified foods can be divided into three categories, namely, plant sources, animal sources and microbial sources according to the source of raw materials. The development of plant-derived genetically modified foods is the fastest and is expected to increase at a rate of 16.3% per year. The largest crops are soybeans, corn, cotton, rapeseed, and potatoes; in addition, there are tomatoes, bell peppers, papayas, and zucchini; among them, most of them are herbicide- and insect-resistant transgenic crops. China's genetically modified crops have been commercialized with storage-tolerant tomatoes, cucumber-resistant tomato viruses, and sweet peppers.
As more and more genetically modified foods are on the table, the debate over their different views on safety is increasingly fierce. Food is different from other products, so long as it controls the final product, it can minimize its harm (or eliminate it). For the safety of food, it must go from raw material production to the whole process before consumers use it.
The potential allergenicity of genetically modified foods is an important aspect of their safety assessment. Sensitization of genetically modified foods may originate from allergenic proteins. The transfer of the gene may generate new proteins, giving the transgenic food a new potential allergenicity. At present, there are reports of allergic reactions caused by children drinking genetically modified soya milk. In addition, GM foods may also be toxic to humans and may have unknown hazards, and may also have undiscovered harmful effects on ecosystems. In fact, globally, the potential safety hazards of GM foods to the ecological environment and human health have so far lacked positive or negative scientific evidence. China's GM foods have developed rapidly and so far there have been no reports of damage caused by GM foods to consumers. Therefore, at present, countries in the formulation of genetically modified food laws and regulations only require strict management measures and do not prohibit the listing of genetically modified foods. As a result, the identification of listed genetically modified foods has become the focus of attention.
In January 2001, the Biosafety Protocol adopted by representatives of more than 130 countries stipulated that exporters of genetically modified products must add “may contain genetically modified ingredients†to their products and require identification of genetically modified foods. At the same time, it is stipulated that all countries have the right to ban the import of genetically modified foods that may pose a threat to humans and the environment The Codex Alimentarius Commission has formulated the first principles for assessing whether genetically modified foods (GMOs) are in compliance with health standards. It requires that GM foods must be inspected and approved by the government before entering the market, in particular to test their ability to cause allergies, and Contains allergens and changes in nutrition and composition must be mandatory signs, and to ensure that the logo is understandable, authentic and non-misleading.
In order to ensure the safety of genetically modified crops, China has established relevant safety management agencies and formulated management and implementation methods. According to the “Regulations on the Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms,†since March 20, 2002, genetically-modified products that circulate on the Chinese market must be identified, and those that have not been identified and not marked as required will not be allowed to be sold or imported.
Many experts believe that China currently adopts a strict access system for genetically modified foods. The identification of genetically modified foods will help the public understand that there may be some potential factors that may cause allergens, such as allergens. In the current situation where the safety of genetically modified foods cannot be determined, it is a responsible practice to mark the genetically modified components and give consumers the right to choose. It is also a measure for the monitoring of genetically modified foods, which will help slow the entry of foreign cheap genetically modified agricultural products. At present, China has introduced rules for genetically modified markers, which are mainly based on the genetically modified components that can be detected. In order to fully identify, China will further increase the establishment of testing facilities to study to what extent the identification of genetically modified components.
Experts pointed out that the issue of the safety of genetically modified products is a problem in the development of new things and must be overcome in development. Genetic engineering is an emerging science and there is still little understanding. Therefore, in order to minimize the possible risks, strictly follow the policies and regulations that the country has already formulated.
Why genetically modified foods should be identified
Some edible oils are packaged with the logo “Manufactured with Genetically Modified Raw Materials.†Some experts say that the oil is made from genetically modified soybeans and that food is as safe as regular soybean oil. Since it is also safe, why do you want to identify? has no meaning? To discuss this issue, we must also start with the rise of genetically modified agricultural products.
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