PPR is a highly contagious disease of goats, sheep, and wild small ruminants caused by PPRV. The incidence and mortality are high, and the harm to sheep production is extremely serious. China has listed it as a Class animal epidemic prevention and control. The disease is mainly transmitted through direct and indirect contact with infections or respiratory droplets. The main sources of infection are diseased animals and occult infected animals, and subclinical diseased sheep are more dangerous. The end of winter and early spring is the prone period of small pests. The farmers should raise their awareness and strengthen prevention and control. 1 The main clinical symptoms. The diseased sheep with PPR were mostly dry mouth and nose, nasal discharge or purulent discharge, tearing eyes or mucopurulent secretions, ulcerations on the nasal and lip mucous membranes, upper and lower gums, and lingual surfaces. Similar to aphthous lesions; sick sheep diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, body temperature 40.5 °C -41 °C, the coat was dull, gradually weight loss, and some pale or red conjunctiva. In the later stage of the disease, bloody water-like diarrhea occurs, and it is severely dehydrated and emaciated, followed by a decrease in body temperature and failure. Pregnant ewes abortion, severe morbidity and mortality of young sheep. 2, the transmission route. PPR mainly infects respiratory and digestive tracts. The transmission method is mainly contact and transmission. The secretions and excretions of diseased sheep, such as nasal fluids and excreta, contain a large amount of virus and can be transmitted through direct contact with diseased sheep. The feed, drinking water, clothing, tools, and the circle contaminated with the virus are transmitted. Indirect transmission can also occur in contact with livestock and pastures. 3, prevention and control measures (1) Guiding sheep according to law. It is forbidden to introduce sheep from the country or region where the disease is present. Yangyang households must apply for the sheep from the field to the animal health supervision agencies for approval. (2) Strengthen immunity and increase resistance to disease. For healthy goats immunized with a live animal vaccine against PPR, the immunization duration was 36 months (3 years). After a comprehensive immunization of goats aged over 1 month, sheep farms supplemented the unimmunized newborn sheep and immunized goats immunized for 36 months. Sheep with poor health should be immunized after recovery. When immunizing vaccines, it must be noted that the immunization of PPRV vaccine must be kept below -20°C. Before use, check whether the packaging is intact and whether the vaccine is within the validity period; read the instructions carefully before use and mark the first part of the label according to the bottle sign. Normal saline is diluted to 1ml/head and mixed thoroughly; 75% alcohol is used to sterilize before injection; 1ml/mouse is injected subcutaneously in the sheep's neck; syringes and needles must be kept sterile to try to achieve a needle. Or at least one lap; the vaccine should be used within 3 hours after being diluted in the open bottle. Sun exposure or contact with high temperature is strictly forbidden. When the temperature is too high, it should be kept in a refrigerator; used vaccine bottle, remaining vaccine and inoculation syringe Should be disinfected and made harmless. When pregnant ewes are vaccinated, Baoding animals should be gentle to avoid miscarriage caused by inappropriate Baoding. (3) Establish and improve the epidemic prevention system and do a good job of daily feeding management and disinfection. Sheep farms should thoroughly disinfect foreign workers and vehicles before entering the market. Sterile ponds and disinfection chambers should be installed at the entrance to the sheep farm. Disinfectant should be replaced from time to time, and a variety of disinfectant drugs should be used interchangeably. There are 2% NaOH, lime, killer, and chlorine preparations. (4) When outsourcing a sheep, it must be reported to the local animal health supervision agency for quarantine, and a "certificate of conformity for animal quarantine" must be obtained before transporting the sheep. When purchasing sheep, it is necessary to understand the immune conditions of the other sheep's farm. After reaching the destination, they must be isolated and observed for more than 30 days. After clinical diagnosis and serological examination to confirm the health and disease-free, they can be fed in groups. (5) After the farmer discovers suspected PPR diseased animals, he should immediately isolate the suspected diseased animal, limit its movement, strengthen disinfection, and immediately report it to the local veterinary authority or the animal disease prevention and control institution. Ophthalmic Surgical Pack,Disposable Surgical Opthalmic Pack,Surgical Sterile Ophthalmic Pack,Disposable Opthalmic Surgical Pack Suzhou JaneE Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.janeemedical.com
Sheep farmers how to prevent PPR