Key points of high-yield cultivation and management techniques of asparagus in Shuyang County

In recent years, the market prospects of asparagus have become more and more good. The texture is fresh, the flavor is delicious, the tenderness is delicious, the nutrition is rich and so on, which makes it stand out. In recent years, Shuyang County introduced and developed asparagus more than 200hm2, and passed the green of China Green Food Development Center. Food certification. Asparagus can be planted for many years, with an output value of 105,000 to 12.0 million yuan/hm2, with significant economic benefits. The high-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus are summarized below for reference.

1 variety selection and seed treatment

Choose varieties with strong plant resistance and early stem growth, large number, hypertrophy, uniform upper and lower thickness, blunt tip and tight scales, such as Apollo, huge New Jersey and other new varieties.

First rinse the seeds with water, rinse off the seeds and insects, and soak them with 50% carbendazim 300 times for 12 h. After disinfection, soak the seeds with warm water at 30~35 °C for 48 h. ~2 times, then wrapped in a clean wet cloth, germinated in the environment of 25 ~ 28 °C, washed twice a day with water, when the seeds have about 20% of the shoots can be sown.

2 sowing seedlings

The nursery site selects a sandy soil block with good drainage and ventilation. The seedbed bed is turned over 25 cm deep, and the high-quality maturity base fertilizer is applied at 75 t/hm2. It is mixed with the soil and leveled to make the concrete. The width is 1.2~1.5 m and the length is 10~15 m.

The suitable sowing date for asparagus is mid-April. The amount of seed used in the field is 1 125 g/hm2, and the land for nursery is 450 m2/hm2. Before planting, the bottom water is poured, and the line spacing is 10 cm×10 cm. The seed of the germination seed is spotted in the center of the square, and then the soil is evenly covered on the surface by a fine sieve, and the thickness is 2 cm. . At the seedling stage, aphids can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300 g/hm2 and water 600 kg/hm2 spray. Remove the weeds in time after the seedlings are out. Appropriately apply some of the quick-acting fertilizers at the seedling stage, and apply them with 45% compound fertilizer (15-15-15) or urea 50 g/m2, and then water.

3 Fertilization

Before the planting, the land will be fully cultivated and leveled, and the planting ditch will be opened according to the 1.5 m row spacing. The planting ditch is 40 cm wide and 40~50 cm deep. The soybean is used for 1 500 kg/hm2, the chicken manure is 7 500-9 000 kg/hm2, and the ternary The compound fertilizer 375 kg/hm2 was mixed with the soil and applied to the planting ditch as the base fertilizer.

4 colonization

The seedlings were graded before planting, and planted separately by size. Planting seedling standards: seedling height 30 cm, more than 3 aboveground stems, more than 7 underground storage roots. When planting, the end of the seedlings on the underground stems of the seedlings is arranged along the direction of the ditch, so that the position of the young stems is concentrated in the center of the earthworms, which is beneficial to the soil, and the storage roots of the seedlings are evenly spread, and the cover soil is slightly pressed. Make the roots close to the soil, and then cover the loose soil 5~6 cm after watering. After planting, the soil should be covered once every 15 days from the time of drawing the young stems, each time covering the soil with a thickness of 3~5 cm, until the underground stem is buried about 15 cm below the surface. The planting density is generally 140~150 cm, and the plant spacing is 35~40 cm.

5 Field management

5.1 Fertilization

The first year of fertilization after the asparagus is planted is to apply three times of fertilizer on the basis of applying the base fertilizer, namely germination fertilizer, compound fertilizer and autumn fertilizer. Specific method: Apply germination fertilizer before spring soil application, apply urea 150 kg/hm2; after collecting bamboo shoots, combine with ditching watering, apply compound fertilizer 150 kg/hm2; in mid-August, apply autumn fertilizer, apply compound fertilizer 375 kg/ Hm2. From the second year onwards, the focus is on spring, followed by autumn. In the spring, before the young stems are pumped, the central digging and fertilization is applied in the center of the planting, and the quick-acting fertilizer is applied 2~3 times with water, 60% in spring fertilization and 40% in summer and autumn. Asparagus is very sensitive to soil acidity, so it is not advisable to use acid fertilizer. Appropriate lime should be added to the soil with calcium deficiency.

5.2 Irrigation and drainage

During the tender shoots, it is necessary to keep enough water in the soil to promote the thick stems. Generally, it should be watered 1 or 2 times. Asparagus shoots vigorously on the ground, from late July to late August, it is the summer and autumn high temperature season, strong transpiration, water consumption, should be timely irrigation, generally every 10 d irrigation once, to promote the clusters flourish, to ensure a good harvest . In the rainy season, it is necessary to prevent water from accumulating in the soil, otherwise the soil lacks air and affects root growth.

6 pest control

6.1 Main diseases

The main diseases of asparagus are stem blight and brown spot disease. Prevention methods: First, the Qingyuan. Thoroughly clear the garden before planting, burn the diseased plant residues, and reduce the amount of initial infection. The second is to promote formula fertilization, apply more organic fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer, pay attention to cultivating and weeding, and resist drought and drainage. The third is chemical control. The affected plot was sprayed with 50% carbendazim 400 times solution.

6.2 Main pests

The main insect pests of asparagus include small tigers, crickets, crickets, golden worms, and fly. Control methods: First, it is strictly forbidden to apply organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed; second, use black light or sweet and sour liquid to trap and kill during early adult activities; third, use 2.5% beta-cypermethrin 20 g/hm2 to 50 kg/hm2 spray .

7 Harvesting and transportation sales

Every morning, the tender stems with a height of 21~24 cm are cut off. Every season in the morning and evening will be harvested once, regardless of whether the tender stems are good or bad, or the remaining stems will continue to grow and consume nutrients. Grading, sorting and selling immediately after harvesting. The asparagus shoots are easy to lose water and deteriorate after harvesting. They should be refrigerated in the fashion box. The storage conditions of the cold storage should be 0~2 °C and the relative humidity is 90%~95%. Asparagus transported for 2~3 hours in short distance, trucks can be used; long-distance transportation, especially in high temperature season, should be refrigerated trucks, the temperature of transportation time is 1 d, the temperature is controlled between 0~5 °C, and the transportation time is more than 1 d. Controlled between 0~2 °C to ensure the tenderness of asparagus without reducing the quality. Asparagus on the market should be sold in time to avoid spoilage.

Well, the low-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in Shuyang County have been shared for you. Recently, Huinong.com has compiled a lot of related points related to asparagus cultivation. You can come to HuiNong School to search and inquire!

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