High yield potato cultivation techniques

Potato, a perennial herb belonging to Solanaceae, has tubers available for consumption and is the fourth most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn. Going to the countryside to communicate with a grower and access information provides the following technical points.

1 Scientific seed selection uses seed potatoes with clear algebra, less incidence of viral disease, and large yield increase. The sun has sufficient light and leewardness to eliminate the deformed, diseased, and injurious seed potatoes. The surface of the seed potatoes is gradually green, and when the young shoots are prominent, the buds are sown. The seed temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 39 °C, when the cone can be sown. According to Luoyuan's climatic and soil conditions, when cutting buds, it is generally required that the weight of buds be not less than 30g, preferably more than 50g, and when 10cm of ground temperature is stable at 6-7°C, sowing (before and after February 20); After 15cm of fertilization, the soil is 3cm back and then sowed. The soil is covered 5~7cm. After pressing, the mu will be sprayed with 48% trifluralin herbicide 100g and 30kg water, and then cover the membrane. When the seedlings excavate the top membrane, they should be ventilated in time to prevent burning. .

2 The rational fertilization of fertilized potatoes is generally based on the principle of “organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, reuse of basal fertilizers, and early application of top dressings”. It is the flowering period that requires the greatest amount of water and fertilizer during the growth of potatoes. At this time, it is also the temperature. The season when the precipitation is high and the rainfall is increasing is also the stage where the organic fertilizer gradually matures and the rots explain the release of nutrients. At this time, the conversion efficiency of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in base fertilizers is continuously expanding, which meets the demand for nutrients during potato growth and promotes plant growth and development. This is the purpose of re-using basal fertilizer. There are two main points for re-using basal fertilizer: one is to use high-quality organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer; the other is to adhere to the application of organic fertilizer and three-element chemical fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer used for the three elements should be 2/3 of the total growth period. Base fertilizer, leaving 1/3 for top dressing. The application amount of basal fertilizer for producing 1500-2000 kg of potato per 667 m2 is: 2000-3500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 12 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of superphosphate, 150-200 kg of plant ash, or 10-15 kg of potassium chloride. The above fertilizer and organic fertilizer are evenly mixed together and used as a base fertilizer in a soil layer of 10 cm or less, so that the potato block layer can be loosened, which is beneficial to the absorption of potato roots. Potato requires fertilizer is the most potent potassium, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer at least, the ratio is generally 2.0:1.0:0.4. Fertilization method is based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing. According to the information, the production of 1 000 kg of potatoes requires 1 mu m to 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea (50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate), 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, 45 kg, and 2 kg of zinc sulfate. Application method: 70% of the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers as a seed fertilizer applied to a furrow (not to be contacted with seed blocks), and 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer is reserved as a top dressing.

3 Clever use of land and space In order to adapt to the robustness of potato plants, vegetative growth, and well-developed individual plants, the ridge table width of mulching land in Zunhua City is 70cm in width, two rows, 35-40cm in spacing, and plant spacing 25～ 27cm. The planting density is 4,000 plants per acre. The specific conditions will depend on the characteristics of the variety, soil fertility, fertilization level, and temperature conditions. If there is sufficient fertilizer and high temperature, the ridge distance should be widened and the plant spacing should be appropriately enlarged.

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