Gardenia jasminoides, stable production and high yield cultivation techniques
First, cultivate the results of robust autumn shoots. Cultivate a strong autumn shoot. The result is that the mother shoots are the basis for high yields. Generally, two autumn shoots are cultivated as the resulting mother shoots, and the second autumn shoot is required to turn green at the end of September to the beginning of October. Specific measures are as follows: (1) Apply enough to promote shoot fertilizer. In the first week after harvesting fruit, 50 kg of fruits are planted on the plant. Each plant should be applied with 1 kg of urea, 0.8--1 kg of superphosphate and 0.4-0.5 kg of potassium chloride. And re-constructed soil; at the same time, organic fertilizers should be added, each of Shitang mud 2--3 dan or chicken manure 25--30 kilograms, can also be used to open deep holes in fruit tree dripping lines, and weeds and peanut vines in orchards can be slaughtered. About two-thirds of the animals are filled with debris, such as pig hair, and 1 kilogram of lime is applied to the plant. The soil is then slightly higher than the ground. In order to promote balanced growth among the plants, after the first autumn shoots were matured, some plants with poor growth and light leaf color were supplemented. (2) Pruning and selecting tip and tip. Pruning within half a month after fertilization, cut off some weak branches, overlapping branches, some short branches of leggy branches, so that the branches are evenly distributed, good ventilation and light transmission. After the first autumn shoots were drawn, one or two of the strong shoots were selected as the resulting mother shoots, and the remaining shoots were left in the second autumn shoot, which was basically the same as the first time. (3) Deworming tips. A secondary spray is used for secondary spraying, and is alternately used with Anluobao 1000--1200 times liquid or aphid net 1000-times liquid, Losbend 1000 times liquid, and poisonous silk 1000 times liquid. Second, control the tip to promote flowers, flowers selected flowers, training short, small, strong spikes. (1) girdling and spray growth regulators. At the end of the last autumn, the farm aged shoots are cooked on the main trunk or main branch with a 0.2 cm stripping ring peeling knife for 1.5--2 turns of spiral girdling, reaching deep into the xylem. And use Litchi dedicated flounder to spray 20 kg of water per package, every 40 days with flowers Hua Ling spray 25 kg per package, in order to facilitate the formation of short and bright spikes. (2) cultivating loose soil. After the last autumn shoots were cooked, the cultivator loosened the soil around the canopy to loosen and breathe the top layer of soil, which not only inhibited the growth of the surface fine roots, but also helped to maintain the vitality of the middle and lower layers of roots. (3) Re-apply strong fertilizer. In late January to early February, planting (50 kg of fruit) 0.5 kg of urea, 0.7-0.8 kg of superphosphate, and 0.4 kg of potassium chloride are mixed and then applied after the rain to apply and reconstitute soil. Can be added fertilizer, pond mud, fire soil and so on. (4) Select flowers. When the panicle is 5 cm in length, a short spike is cut and about 3 cm is cut off to promote lateral apical buds. After flower spikes are fixed, 10 to 15 days before flowering, flower selection and flower setting will be carried out, and the spike length will be selected as short as 10 cm, and the spikes will be too dense and too weak. Generally, the total amount of flowers will be neglected. 60--70%, so that they reach the small and sparse spikes, small and strong flowers, and accumulate sufficient nutrition for flowering results. 10 days before flowering combined with pest control and disease prevention spray Litchi dedicated Paulownia. Third, strengthen the pollination work and increase the fruit setting rate. The genus Litchi is a dioecious plant. The flowering stages of the male and female plants in the plants and in the plants are inconsistent. It is necessary to rely on wind and insect pollination to increase the pollination rate. Therefore, corresponding measures must be taken: (1) The bee is pollinated. From the end of March to mid-April, the bees are placed. Generally, 2 boxes of bees are placed per acre orchard, and nectar or pollen is collected by the bees to reduce the number of nectar-retaining stigmas and increase the probability of pollination and insemination, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. (2) water spray honey. When the weather is dry, the nectar is sticky and the bee activity is weakened. Therefore, at 9 o'clock in the morning when drought occurs, the flowering spikes should be sprayed with honey to reduce the concentration of nectar, increase the humidity, and facilitate honeybee pollination. Fourth, do a good job of maintaining fruit and fruit. Preserving fruits and fruits is the guarantee of winning high yields and quality. The following measures are mainly taken: (1) Ring cutting, wiping, and spray growth regulators. One week after the female flower is flushed, it is circulated on the main trunk or main branch. At the same time, the fruit is sprayed with 1200 times liquid to protect the fruit. After 40 days, it is sprayed with a helper and a pack of water and 50 kilograms of water. In late April, the pumping begins. New shoots should be made in time. By adopting the above measures, nutrients are concentrated on the fruit to reduce fruit loss and facilitate fruit enlargement. (2) Strong fruit fertilizer. It is generally best to apply 2 strong fruit fertilizers in early May and early early May. Each plant with 1 kg of compound fertilizer plus 0.15 kg of potassium chloride was applied to the canopy dripping line at the base of the plant, and sprayed with water to leaching. In case of drought, spray water once every 5-7 days. The entire fruiting period interval of 5-7 days combined with insecticide prevention and treatment of spraying a leaf fertilizer, with full nutrition foliar fertilizer, green Fenwei, litchi swelling element, spray Shi Bao, Yunda -120 alternate use. (3) pest control. The main pests of litchi are locust, beetle, and ulnar, and the main diseases are Phytophthora capsici, anthracnose, etc., which have great influence on the yield and quality of litchi. Should be based on forecasting, do a good job of prevention and control of locusts, etc., generally in the middle of April after the first insecticide spray after flushing Xiehua, after every 5 - 7 days spraying time, with axillary net 1000 times liquid, music Spend 1000 times liquid, An Lubao 1000--2000 times liquid, poison silk 1000 times liquid, fast-paced 1200 times liquid, etc. alternately, before harvesting fruit should pay attention to the use of pesticides safe period, the combination of manual killing and lighting the beetle Trapping and killing; the disease is mainly prevention, and combined with the removal of insects at the same time according to the weather and fruit conditions, with carbendazim 800 times solution, Antaisheng 800--1000 times solution, Taisheng 1000 times solution, thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution, and Ruidu Mold Mn-Zn 500 times, etc. alternately used. China Agricultural Network Editor